Jeremias 33
Thomas Constable · Citado em PreceptAustin
Jeremias 33
Constable - Jeremiah 30-33 Commentary A C Gaebelein's Annotated Bible - Jeremiah 30-33 Commentary David
Jeremias 33
Constable has an excellent explanation noting that "the Levitical priests would resume functioning and would continue to do so forever. They would offer sacrifices of worship continually (in the millennial kingdom). The burnt and grain (or meal) offerings were specifically for worship rather than to remove the defilement of sin (cf. Lev. 1–2). In Jeremiah’s day, the priesthood was corrupt, and it may even have included non-Levitical priests (cf. Jer 6:13; 19:1; 26:10–11). The lack of legitimate priests was a problem in the early years of the restoration community (cf. Ezra 8:15). In the Millennium there will be a restoration of Levitical priests, though instead of looking forward to the coming of the ultimate Sacrifice the worship will look back to it. (The Lord Jesus gave the church the Lord’s Supper only until He would return. Amillennialists believe that this promise of the restoration of Levitical worship finds fulfillment in the present spiritual worship of the church [{Ed: which they interpret as} the symbolic meaning of Jerusalem here {Ed: Jer 33:16]} and/or that it anticipates heavenly worship.) Dyer explains that "the promise was not that the sacrifices would continue unabated, because they did cease in 586 BC and were not resumed till 537 BC (cf. Ezra 3:1-6). The promise here was that the Levitical priesthood would not be extinguished. God was referring back to the promise He made to Phinehas (Nu 25:12-13). Although the Messiah Jesus, our Redeemer King Priest Who ever lives to make intercession, is our High Priest, this prophecy is not about Him (Heb 7:24-25). Certainly, neither the monarchy nor the priesthood would ever be abolished. Messiah Jesus will reign as King from the line of David (2Sa 7:16; Ps 89:34-37; Jer 33:17, 20-22; Lk 1:32-33) and as High Priest. However, He is fulfilling the office of High Priest, not from the Levitical priesthood, but as a priest in the line of Melchizedek; a change in law, from the Sinai covenant to the new covenant, leads to a change in high priesthood (Ge 14:18-20; Ps 110:4; Heb 5:5-6; 6:20; 7:1-28). However, in the Messianic Kingdom, there will be a Messianic temple with offerings and sacrifices, and at that time, Levitical priests will continue to minister there under the High Priesthood of the Lord Jesus (see Ezek 43:19; 44:15-19 and comments there). (Ibid) ESV Study Bible - The Messiah’s Second Coming will also mean that the covenant with Levi (Mal. 2:1-9) will be kept. The Messiah will be both King (2Sa 7:16) and Priest (Ps 110:4). It is interesting that F B Huey (New American Commentary-Jeremiah) who usually interprets the text literally, fails to do so in this passage on the Levitical priests because he feels like there can be no future sacrifices in light of Christ's ultimate sacrifice which put an end to the OT system of worship. However in saying this he (1) is forced to spiritualize Jehovah's promise about the Levitical priests and (2) he ignores the clear teaching of sacrifices in the Millennium as described in Ezekiel 40:1-48:35, where the sacrifices clearly are not in any way related to propitiation or atonement. Michael Brown makes an excellent point that 'If the literal meaning of this promise can so readily be abandoned (Ed: Even by a "literalist" like Huey), perhaps the literal meaning of other promises—indeed, of any promise—can be abandoned. It is this fatal hermeneutical flaw that underlies supersessionism as a whole." Jeremiah 33:19 The word of the LORD came to Jeremiah, saying, The word of the LORD came to Jeremiah - 11x in 11v - Jer 28:12; 32:26; 33:1, 19, 23; 34:12; 35:12; 36:27; 37:6; 42:7; 43:8 This is an additional word from Jehovah to "cement" the absolute certainty that the previous prophetic promises will come to pass. Weinberg summarizes Jeremiah 33:19-22 - What has been stated in 31:35–37 as a guarantee of the new covenant is now used to illustrate the certainty of the continuance of the monarchy and priesthood. The greater the promises, the stronger the assurances that they will be fulfilled. The certainty of the prophecies is riveted in God’s order in nature, and the prophecies themselves are linked with the unfailing regularity of the natural order (Jer 33:20–21). A nullification of the covenant is an impossibility. Just as the covenant with Noah (cf. Ge 8:22) is kept, so the covenant with David (cf. 2 Sam 7:1-16) and that with Levi (Num 17:1-13) will also be kept. Moreover, the Lord adds a promise of a great increase in the descendants of David and the Levites (Jer 33:22); what was originally stated of the entire nation is here specifically applied to them (cf. Ge 15:5; 22:17). Jeremiah 33:20 "Thus says the LORD, 'If you can break My covenant for the day and My covenant for the night, so that day and night will not be at their appointed time, THE RELIABILITY OF JEHOVAH'S COVENANTS WITH DAVID AND THE LEVITICAL PRIESTS If you can break My covenant for the day and My covenant for the night - Jehovah's "logic" is that you cannot break these covenants! (Cf Jeremiah 31:35-36; Leviticus 26:42; Ps 89:34; Ps 89:37). Dyer points out that "God gave two assurances that He would keep His covenant promises. Each assurance began with the same introductory phrase, “The word of the LORD came to Jeremiah” (Jer 33:19, 23), and each used God’s “covenant for day and … night” to illustrate the permanence of these institutions (Jer 33:20, 25; cf. Jer 31:35-37). Compare the following similar assurances attesting to Jehovah's faithfulness to His covenant promises. Beloved, we can trust Him implicitly and eternally! Amen! Thus says the LORD, 'If My covenant for day and night stand not, and the fixed patterns of heaven and earth I have not established, then I would reject the descendants of Jacob and David My servant, not taking from his descendants rulers over the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. But I will restore their fortunes and will have mercy on them.'" (Jeremiah 31:25-26) Thus says the LORD, Who gives the sun for light by day, And the fixed order of the moon and the stars for light by night, Who stirs up the sea so that its waves roar; The LORD of hosts is His name: "If this fixed order departs From before Me," declares the LORD, "Then the offspring of Israel also shall cease From being a nation before Me forever." (Jeremiah 31:35-36) While the earth remains, Seedtime and harvest, And cold and heat, And summer and winter, And day and night Shall not cease. (Genesis 8:22) Jeremiah 33:21 then My covenant may also be broken with David My servant so that he will not have a son to reign on his throne, and with the Levitical priests, My ministers. A son reign on his throne - Who is David's son? Matthew tells us recording "The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham." (Mt 1:1) Jehovah to Solomon then I will establish your royal throne as I covenanted with your father David, saying, 'You shall not lack a man to be ruler in Israel.' (2Chr 7:18) Compare... Yet the LORD was not willing to destroy the house of David because of the covenant which He had made with David, and since He had promised to give a lamp to him and his sons forever. (2Chr 21:7) David himself attests to the continuation of the covenant ... Truly is not my house so with God? For He has made an everlasting covenant with me, Ordered in all things, and secured; For all my salvation and all my desire, Will He not indeed make it grow? (2Sa 23:5) The psalmist attests to the continuation of the covenant with David... Once I have sworn by My holiness; I will not lie to David. "His descendants shall endure forever, And his throne as the sun before Me. "It shall be established forever like the moon, And the witness in the sky is faithful." Selah. (Ps 89:35-37) The LORD has sworn to David, A truth from which He will not turn back; "Of the fruit of your body I will set upon your throne. "If your sons will keep My covenant, And My testimony which I will teach them, Their sons also shall sit upon your throne forever." (Ps 132:11-12) Luke records an allusion to this OT truth... Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, For He has visited us and accomplished redemption for His people, And has raised up a horn of salvation for us In the house of David His servant. (Luke 1:68-69-note) Albert Barnes gives another unfounded interpretation of Jeremiah 33:21-11 writing "This promise also has been not literally, but spiritually fulfilled." He is categorically wrong. While Barnes Notes sometimes have good comments, one needs to be very cautious in reading his notes on clearly prophetic passages." I would add that not only will Messiah reign and the Levitical priest minister, the saints will also reign in the Millennial Kingdom (Rev 20:4-note, overcomers [Who is this?] will reign = Rev 3:21-note). See Millennial Reign of the Saints Jeremiah 33:22 'As the host of heaven cannot be counted and the sand of the sea cannot be measured, so I will multiply the descendants of David My servant and the Levites who minister to Me.'" As the host of heaven cannot be counted and the sand of the sea cannot be measured - This is self-evident and needs no elaboration. This truth serves as rock solid foundation for Jehovah keeping every jot and tittle of His covenant promises. Feinberg - “Just as the covenant with Noah (cf. Gen 8:22) is kept, so the covenant with David (cf. 2Sa 7) and that with Levi (Nu 17) will also be kept.” Jeremiah 33:23 And the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah, saying, The word of the LORD came to Jeremiah - 11x in 11v - Jer 28:12; 32:26; 33:1, 19, 23; 34:12; 35:12; 36:27; 37:6; 42:7; 43:8 Jeremiah 33:24 "Have you not observed what this people have spoken, saying, 'The two families which the LORD chose, He has rejected them'? Thus they despise My people, no longer are they as a nation in their sight. REJECTION OF ISRAEL AS A NATION...NOT! KJV Considerest thou not what this people have spoken, saying, The two families which the LORD hath chosen, he hath even cast them off? thus they have despised my people, that they should be no more a nation before them. NET "You have surely noticed what these people are saying, haven't you? They are saying, 'The LORD has rejected the two families of Israel and Judah that he chose.' So they have little regard that my people will ever again be a nation. ESV "Have you not observed that these people are saying, 'The LORD has rejected the two clans that he chose'? Thus they have despised my people so that they are no longer a nation in their sight. NIV "Have you not noticed that these people are saying, 'The LORD has rejected the two kingdoms he chose'? So they despise my people and no longer regard them as a nation. NLT "Have you noticed what people are saying?-- 'The LORD chose Judah and Israel and then abandoned them!' They are sneering and saying that Israel is not worthy to be counted as a nation. YLT 'Hast thou not considered what this people have spoken, saying: The two families on which Jehovah fixed, He doth reject them, And my people they despise -- So that they are no more a people before them! Have you not observed what this people have spoken - This rhetorical question expects a positive answer. But who are "this people?" Some say these are the people chosen by God, Jews in Judah who had become discouraged and disgruntled and lost hope that Jehovah would come to their rescue. Certainly the phrase "this people" has somewhat of a derogatory ring to it and is found 30 times in this book - Jer 4:10-11; 5:14, 23; 6:19, 21; 7:16, 33; 8:5; 9:15; 11:14; 14:10f; 15:1, 20; 16:5, 10; 19:11; 21:8; 23:32f; 27:16; 28:15; 29:32; 32:42; 33:24; 35:16; 36:7; 37:18; 38:4. See for example Jer 5:23 = "this people has a stubborn and rebellious heart." Jer 6:19 = " I am bringing disaster on this people." Jer 6:21 = "Behold, I am laying stumbling blocks before this people." Jer 7:16 (cp Jer 11:14, 14:11) = "As for you, do not pray for this people." Jer 8:5 = "Why then has this people, Jerusalem, Turned away in continual apostasy?" Jer 9:15 = "I will feed them, this people, with wormwood." Jer 15:20 = "I will make you to this people A fortified wall of bronze." On the other hand the next clause has "they despise My people" - While the "they" could be Jews, the fact that they are despising "My (God's) people" does at least raise the possibility that these are Gentiles who are observing the effects of the LORD's judgment on Judah. While this people probably is disenchanted Jews, this same sense of rejection of Israel as a nation is sadly a commonly held position in much of evangelical Christendom in America. As John