Marcos 14
Tony Garland · Citado em PreceptAustin
Marcos 14
Garland - THE UPPER ROOM was, as Barclay aptly describes it, “a smaller box on top of a bigger box.” It was used as a guest room, storeroom, and place of retreat. According to later rabbinic tradition, the sages met their students in upper rooms to teach (m. Sabb. 1:14; b. Menah. 41b; see Acts 1:13; 20:8). (NIV Application Commentary) And they prepared the Passover - The prepared everything necessary to celebrate the Passover Seder. They obeyed without hesitation. While there is no specific record that Peter and John returned to the place where Jesus was staying Mk 14:17 says "When it was evening He *came with the twelve." This would imply that Peter and John had returned. If that is in fact the case it is surprising that Judas would not be able to discover the "secret location" from Peter and John because they had no reason to suspect him as a traitor. Had this occurred Judas could have informed the authorities and jeopardized the Passover meal with Jesus. Once again we see God was in control of the details. Daniel Akin - They also would have roasted and prepared the Passover lamb that most clearly marked their deliverance from slavery and redemption out of Egypt. Little did they know that a greater preparation of an even greater Passover was unfolding in their presence as Jesus prepared Himself to be sacrificed as our Passover Lamb (1 Cor. 5:7, Exodus 12:6-11+). John the Baptist had declared when he saw Jesus, “Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world” (John 1:29+). Jesus is indeed this Passover Lamb, and He is in complete control of the events leading to His death. The Cross was no surprise that unexpectedly caught Him off guard. No, it was a divine appointment that was scheduled as Peter would write, “before the foundation of the world” (1 Peter 1:20+). Jesus knew down to the last detail what was happening and He joyfully embraced it (Heb. 12:2+). Such confidence in God’s will should inspire us to trust Him even when the road of life may be difficult, painful, even deadly. Our God is in control! Swete - “Supposing the lamb to have been already slain, and returned to the house, there still remained much to be done; the roasting of the lamb, the provision of the unleavened cakes, the bitter herbs, the four cups of wine, and preparation of the room and the lamps; and in the preparation of the food there were many ritual niceties to be observed.” For instance, there was the making of a paste to resemble the mortar which was used in the laying of bricks in Egypt. The present day Jews make this paste by grinding apples, nuts, raisins, and mixing this with wine. Prepare (2090) see note on hetoimazo Passover (3957) see note on pascha Question: If Jesus was crucified on the Day of Preparation, why had He already eaten the Passover meal? Answer: All four Gospels state that Jesus was crucified on the Day of Preparation (Matthew 27:62; Mark 15:42; Luke 23:54; John 19:14, 31, 42). Mark, Luke, and John all state that the following day was the Sabbath. John’s account uses this wording: “It was the day of Preparation of the Passover” (John 19:14). The question becomes, since Jesus was killed on the Day of Preparation, why had He already observed the Passover with His disciples (Matthew 26:17–29; Mark 14:12–25; Luke 22:7–22; John 13:1–30)? First, we should discard the theory that the writers of the New Testament made a mistake. Theorizing that all four of the Gospel writers got the chronology wrong stretches credulity to the breaking point. Are we really to believe that Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all forgot what they had written from one chapter to the next? No, there must be a better explanation for why Jesus ate the Passover before the Day of Preparation. Next, we need to identify what the Day of Preparation was preparing for. Every week, preparations had to be made for the Sabbath—food had to be prepared ahead of time. This led to the “Day of Preparation” becoming the common term for “Friday.” Although many preparations also had to be made for the Passover, there is no record of “Passover Eve” being called the Day of Preparation. The Day of Preparation was always Friday, the day before the Sabbath. Mark 15:42 makes this clear. How then do we explain John’s statement that Jesus died on “the day of Preparation of the Passover” (John 19:14)? It’s quite possible that John simply meant that this particular Friday fell during Passover week; we could understand his words this way: “It was the day of Preparation, the one that happened to come during the season of Passover.” So, the Day of Preparation was to prepare for the Sabbath, not the Passover. The Mosaic Law stipulated what day the Passover lamb was to be eaten: Nissan 14 (Numbers 9:2–3). We must assume that Jesus kept the Law and observed Passover at the appointed time (see Galatians 4:4). After the Passover (Thursday) came the Day of Preparation (Friday) on which Jesus was killed. The Sabbath (Saturday) followed, of course, and then the first day of the week (Sunday)—the third day after the crucifixion and the day on which Jesus rose from the dead. One objection to the above chronology is based on John 18:28, which says, “The Jewish leaders took Jesus from Caiaphas to the palace of the Roman governor. By now it was early morning, and to avoid ceremonial uncleanness they did not enter the palace, because they wanted to be able to eat the Passover.” At first glance, it seems that, whereas Jesus had eaten the Passover the night before, the Jewish leaders had not yet eaten the Passover—they still “wanted to be able to eat” it after Jesus was arrested. To reconcile this verse with the Synoptic narratives, we must remember this: Passover was the first day of the week-long Feast of Unleavened Bread. The Feast (or Festival) of Unleavened Bread (Chag HaMatzot) lasted for a full week, from Nissan 15 to Nissan 22. The first day of Unleavened Bread coincided with the day of Passover. Because of the close relation between Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the whole week was sometimes referred to as “Passover.” The two holidays were (and still are) considered a single celebration. This explains John 18:28. The Jewish leaders had already eaten the Passover proper, but there still remained other sacrifices to be made and meals to be eaten. They were unwilling to defile themselves (Pilate’s palace contained leaven) because it would disqualify them from participating in the remainder of the week’s ceremonies (see Leviticus 23:8). There are other difficulties in pinpointing the exact chronology of Jesus’ arrest, trial, crucifixion, and resurrection. But this seems to be a workable solution: Thursday – Passover proper. The lamb is killed, and Jesus and His disciples eat the Passover meal in the upper room. Friday – the Day of Preparation. Jesus is tried and executed (although never convicted). The Jews continue their “Passover” celebrations with the chagigah, offerings made during the Feast of Unleavened Bread. Saturday – the weekly Sabbath. Sunday – Resurrection Day. (Source: GotQuestions.org Related Resources: See in depth description of a typical Jewish Passover Seder What is the Passover Lamb? How is Jesus our Passover Lamb? | GotQuestions.org How do the elements of the Passover Seder point to Christ? | GotQuestions.org Mark 14:17 When it was evening He came with the twelve. NET Mark 14:17 Then, when it was evening, he came to the house with the twelve. NLT Mark 14:17 In the evening Jesus arrived with the twelve disciples. ESV Mark 14:17 And when it was evening, he came with the twelve. NIV Mark 14:17 When evening came, Jesus arrived with the Twelve. GNT Mark 14:17 Καὶ ὀψίας γενομένης ἔρχεται μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα. KJV Mark 14:17 And in the evening he cometh with the twelve. YLT Mark 14:17 And evening having come, he cometh with the twelve, ASV Mark 14:17 And when it was evening he cometh with the twelve. CSB Mark 14:17 When evening came, He arrived with the Twelve. NKJ Mark 14:17 In the evening He came with the twelve. NRS Mark 14:17 When it was evening, he came with the twelve. Mt 26:20 Lu 22:14 Mark 14 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Matthew 26:20 Now when evening came, Jesus was reclining at the table with the twelve disciples. Luke 22:14+ When the hour had come, He reclined at the table, and the apostles with Him. A Famous but Biblically Inaccurate Painting THE EVENING OF THE PASSOVER Notice that the painting based on Da Vinci's original "Last Supper" is not accurate from a Biblical perspective - Jesus and the disciples were not seated at a table but reclining on their left side with right hand free to take the items off of the low table. Note also the light in the windows behind Jesus which is also incorrect for the Passover was to be eaten after the sunset. The point of course is to not get your theology from even the most beautiful paintings in the world but from the beautiful Word of God. Hiebert - All four Gospels mention Jesus’ announcement of His betrayal during the Passover observance (Matt. 26:21–25; Luke 22:21–23; John 13:21–30). John’s account gives important additional information. (The Gospel of Mark: An Expositional Commentary) Geddert points out that "Mark does not dwell on the details of the Passover meal (See typical Passover Seder), but rather highlights the betrayal of Jesus by a disciple (Mk 14:17–21) and the contrasting self-giving of Jesus for his disciples (Mk 14:22–26). All this takes place in the evening (opsia, v. 17; cf. 13:35, opse). Mark alludes to the time period from 6:00–9:00 p.m., the first of four night watches. In the parable at the end of Mark 13, the master of the house calls his servants to faithful discipleship in each of the night watches (Mk 13:34–36, RSV). The betrayer’s treachery will be one way disciples can be unfaithful. (Mark Believers Church Bible Commentary) And so most writers agree that it was Thursday evening sometime after sunset (after 6 PM) and Jesus walked with the twelve about 2 miles from Bethany into the chaotic scene in Jerusalem crowded with pilgrims there for the Passover. Paul Apple points out that it is difficult to piece together the chronology of all the events that took place this evening – Jesus washing the feet of the disciples - Lesson on humility and servanthood - Upper room discourse - Prayer of John 17. When it was evening He came with the twelve - This phrase evening in context signifies after sunset, the beginning of Nisan 15, when the Passover meal had to be eaten and it had to be completed before midnight and only in the city of Jerusalem. Note that fact that Jesus came with the twelve would support the premise that Peter and John had returned to Bethany to tell Jesus that all was prepared for the Passover meal. Hiebert on He came - the historical present came vividly takes the reader back to Jesus’ last trip from Bethany to Jerusalem. (see more detailed discussion here) ...It was not to avoid recognition that Jesus made the trip after sunset. (The Gospel of Mark: An Expositional Commentary) Gilbrant - Since the Jewish day was reckoned from sunset to sunset, the evening marked the beginning of the 15th day of Nisan. The Passover meal was eaten after sunset. It had to be eaten within the walls of Jerusalem. The celebration of the Passover was always a time of great excitement, a night of watching unto the Lord (Exodus 12:42), a time of hope for new deliverance. Jesus came into the city, probably from Bethany, fully aware that before the day was over, He was ordained to accomplish the final Passover. (Complete Biblical Library – Mark) HCSB Notes - When it was evening marked the start of a new day by Jewish reckoning. According to Ex 12:8, the Passover meal had to be eaten at night and be finished by midnight.
Marcos 14
Garland - Jesus serves as host, and the scene begins with His grave announcement (ED: NO PUN INTENDED!) that one of them will betray him, “one who is eating with me” (Mk 14:18). All the disciples ask him one by one, “Surely not I?” (Mk 14:19). This translation captures the force of the Greek meti, which expects a negative answer: “It is not I, is it?” (see Mk 4:21). Jesus reassures no one but gives only an ambiguous response to their questioning that essentially repeats his first declaration: “It is one of the Twelve … one who dips bread into the bowl with me” (Mk 14:20). This statement adds no new information but reiterates that the betrayer has infiltrated their midst and is eating with him. (See Mark - Page 525) Grieved (distressed, sorrowed) (3076)(lupeo from lupe = sorrow) signifies pain, of body or mind and means to cause one to experience severe mental or emotional distress or physical pain which may be accompanied by sadness, sorrow or grief. The King James' translation of lupeo as heaviness parallels our colloquial sayings like -- "It weighs heavy on my soul" or "My soul is weighed down with affliction." or "My soul is so burdened." Uses in Mark - Mk. 10:22; Mk. 14:19 Surely not (3385)(meti from me = not + ti/tis = anything) means can this be? This is an interrogative particle in questions expecting a negative answer often left untranslated or translated in such a way as to indicate a negative answer is expected surely not, probably not. Sometimes meti is used to indicate that the questioner is in doubt regarding the answer (. Meti can be used to express doubt about an answer perhaps (Mt 12.23). Gilbrant - This interrogative particle occurs in questions (typically direct, though an indirect question does occur in Luke 9:13) when the speaker anticipates a negative answer (Bauer). Bauer also notes that it is usually left untranslated and offers no clear-cut translation. The word is a combination of mē (3231), “not,” and ti (see 4948), “what?” It is best represented by casting the question at hand in such a way as to invite the reader to render a negative response. For example, “A blind man is not able to lead a blind man, is he?” (free translation, Luke 6:39, literally, “[Not] can a blind man guide?”); “Pilate responded, ’I am not a Jew, am I?’ ” (free translation, John 18:35, literally, “[Not] am I a Jew?”; cf. Acts 10:47; 2 Corinthians 1:17; James 3:11). The expected negative response may not be valid. Judas, who betrayed Jesus, asked, “I am not he, am I, Rabbi?” (free translation, Matthew 26:25, literally, “[Not] am I, rabbi?”). History knows the answer. (Cf. Matthew 12:23; John 4:29; 8:22.) (Complete Biblical Library) METI - 10X/9V - cannot(1), cannot*(1), perhaps(1), surely(4), surely no(1), unless*(2). Matt. 12:23; Matt. 26:22; Matt. 26:25; Mk. 14:19; Lk. 6:39; Lk. 9:13; Jn. 8:22; Acts 10:47; 2 Co. 13:5. Uses once in the Septuagint in Da 2:11. Mark 14:20 And He said to them, "It is one of the twelve, one who dips with Me in the bowl. NET Mark 14:20 He said to them, "It is one of the twelve, one who dips his hand with me into the bowl. NLT Mark 14:20 He replied, "It is one of you twelve who is eating from this bowl with me. ESV Mark 14:20 He said to them, "It is one of the twelve, one who is dipping bread into the dish with me. NIV Mark 14:20 "It is one of the Twelve," he replied, "one who dips bread into the bowl with me. It is: Mk 14:43 Mt 26:47 Lu 22:47 Joh 6:71 dips: Mt 26:23 Joh 13:26 Mark 14 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Matthew 26:23+ And He answered, “He who dipped his hand with Me in the bowl is the one who will betray Me. Luke 22:21+ “But behold, the hand of the one betraying Me is with Mine on the table. JESUS NARROWS DOWN THE IDENTITY OF THE BETRAYER John's account fills in the details of this fateful feeding of a false disciple - John 13:22 The disciples began looking at one another, at a loss to know of which one He was speaking. 23 There was reclining on Jesus’ bosom one of His disciples, whom Jesus loved. 24 So Simon Peter *gestured to him, and said to him, “Tell us who it is of whom He is speaking.” 25 He, leaning back thus on Jesus’ bosom, said to Him, “Lord, who is it?” Jesus then answered, “That is the one for whom I shall dip the morsel and give it to him.” So when He had dipped the morsel, He *took and gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot. 27 After the morsel, Satan then entered into him. Therefore Jesus said to him, “What you do, do quickly.” 28 Now no one of those reclining at the table knew for what purpose He had said this to him. 29 For some were supposing, because Judas had the money box, that Jesus was saying to him, “Buy the things we have need of for the feast”; or else, that he should give something to the poor. 30 So after receiving the morsel he went out immediately; and it was night (DEVIL POSSESSED JUDAS FILLED WITH SPIRITUAL DARKNESS GOES INTO THE PHYSICAL DARKNESS). (John 13:26-30) And He said to them, "It is one of the twelve, one who dips with Me in the bowl - Jesus repeats the fact that one of the twelve is the betrayer. It is one of the twelve is only found in Mark's account. They all dipped their hands, having no knives, forks, or spoons. Luke 21:21+ adds behold to call their attention to His statement. Ponder this thought a moment (and compare John's account - "Jesus then answered, “That is the one for whom I shall dip the morsel and give it to him.”). What does this imply about where Judas was located in relation to Jesus? Clearly he had to be very near Jesus, for Jesus to dip a morsel and give it to Judas (assuming He did not stand up and move around the table). Meals were considered times of intimate fellowship and here Jesus feeding the morsel to Judas serves to highlight his terrible treachery. NET Note adds that "The point of Jesus' comment here is not to identify the specific individual per se, but to indicate that it is one who was close to him - somebody whom no one would suspect. " Grassmick on one who dips with Me in the bowl - His announcement emphasized the treachery of the betrayal and also gave the betrayer an opportunity to repent. (See Bible Knowledge Commentary) Hiebert on one who dips - this does not identify the traitor but implies his nearness to Jesus. The dish, or bowl, apparently denotes the side dish which would be used together by only three or four at a table. It contained the sauce of dried fruits, spices, and vinegar, into which pieces of the unleavened bread and the bitter herbs were dipped. The present middle participle, “the one dipping for himself,” pictures the traitor as repeatedly during the meal dipping into the same dish with Jesus. (The Gospel of Mark: An Expositional Commentary)