Mateus 5
Tony Garland · Citado em PreceptAustin
Mateus 5:33-35
Garland commenting on Revelation 1:8 writes that Designating someone as “Lord,” especially in John’s day, could have serious implications. It was a title which Christians did not use lightly. (Quoting from Harold Foos "Christology in the Book of the Revelation" Garland adds that) “Lord (kurios) means that the bearer was worthy of divine recognition and honor. The apostolic writers and early believers were well aware of this meaning. Polycarp, for example, died as a martyr rather than call Caesar kurios." The idea expressed by kurios in the NT is often that of one to whom a person or thing belongs or the one who has disposition of men or property... as the owner of the vineyard (Mt 20:8; 21:40; Mk 12:9; Lk 20:13, 15) as the Lord of the harvest (Mt. 9:38; Luke 10:2) as the master of the house (Mk 13:35, cp Lxx - Jdg 19:12) as Lord of the Sabbath (Mt 12:8; Mk 2:28; Lk 6:5) - as having the power to determine what is suitable to the Sabbath and of releasing Himself and others from its obligation. Kurios = Can signify a title of honor and as such is often translated "sir " (Mt 13:27; 21:30; 27:63; Lk 13:8; Jn 4:11, 15, 19, 49; 5:7; 12:21; 20:15) which expresses respect and reverence such as when servants salute their master (Mt 13:27; Lk 13:8; Lk 14:22ESV; etc.), of a son to his father (Mt. 21:29), citizens toward magistrates (Mt 27:63) Kurios = Used in the sense of one's husband (1Pe 3:6-note, Lxx of Ge 18:12). Comment by
Mateus 5:36-37
Garland explains that "Here and in Daniel 12, the angels swear to underscore the unchangeable nature of the message they give. In both cases, the aspect of the message being emphasized is the timing with which prophesied events will take place. Daniel’s angel indicated that the final period when the power of Israel would be shattered would be “times, time and half a time” (Da 12:7). Here, the angel tells John that the long history of delay where God’s grace prevented Him from moving in final judgment has come to an end. (Dear reader - have you received Christ, believed in His Name, for eternal life? Jn 1:12, Jn 20:31) Omnuo - 149 verses in the Septuagint - Gen 21:23f, 31; 22:16; 24:7, 9; 25:33; 26:3, 31; 31:53; 47:31; 50:24; Exod 13:5, 11; 22:8; 32:13; 33:1; Lev 5:4; 6:3, 5; 19:12; Num 11:12; 14:16, 23; 30:2; 32:10f; Deut 1:8, 34f; 2:14; 4:21, 31; 6:10, 13, 18, 23; 7:8, 12f; 8:1, 18; 9:5, 27; 10:11, 20; 11:9, 21; 13:17; 19:8; 26:3, 15; 28:9, 11; 29:13; 30:20; 31:7, 20f, 23; 32:40; 34:4; Josh 1:6; 2:12; 5:6; 9:15, 18ff; 14:9; 21:43f; Jdg 2:1, 15; 15:12; 21:1, 7, 18; 1Sa 3:14; 19:6; 20:17, 42; 24:21f; 28:10; 30:15; 2Sa3:9, 35; 19:7, 23; 21:2, 17; 1 Kgs 1:13, 17, 29f, 51; 2:8, 23, 35; 2 Kgs 25:24; 2 Chr 15:14f; Ezra 10:5; Ps 15:4; 24:4; 63:11; 89:3, 35, 49; 95:11; 102:8; 110:4; 119:106; 132:2, 11; Prov 30:9; Eccl 9:2; Isa 19:18; 45:23; 48:1; 54:9; 62:8; 65:16; Jer 4:2; 5:2, 7; 7:9; 11:5; 12:16; 22:5; 32:22; 38:16; 40:9; 44:26; 49:13; 51:14; Ezek 6:9; 16:8; Dan 12:7; Hos 4:15; Amos 4:2; 6:8; 8:7, 14; Mic 7:20; Zeph 1:5; Zech 5:4; Mal 3:5; Matt 5:34, 36; 23:16, 18, 20ff; 26:74 See F B Meyer's related comments Simplicity in Speech The Mishnah (note) devotes one whole section called Shebuoth (“oaths”) which is an elaborate discussion of when oaths are binding and when they are not. As previously discussed, in Jesus' day the swearing of oaths had degenerated to a system which indicated when a man could lie and when not. Jesus insists that whatever a man swears by is related to God in some way, and therefore every oath is implicitly in God's name. Thus He also condemned swearing by one's own head. What validity does that add to the oath? What they meant by using the expression “by my head” was something like “May I lose my head (i.e., my life) if what I am telling you is not true, or if I fail to fulfill my promise.” Jesus logic is that how can they control their life? No man can even change the intrinsic color of his hair. Ultimately even the hairs of the head are all under God's sway and ownership. He Alone determines whether at any given moment a hair is black or white. Therefore, it follows that even swearing by one’s head is in the final analysis swearing by God and is just as binding as an oath using the specific name of God. Matthew