2 Coríntios 2
Warren Wiersbe · Citado em PreceptAustin
2 Coríntios 2
Wiersbe - In 2Cor 11:23–28+, Paul lists the many trials he had endured for Christ’s sake, and he names as the greatest burden “the care of all the churches” (2Cor 11:28). A true shepherd, Paul had these infant churches on his heart and on his shoulders, like the High Priest of Israel (Ex. 28:12–21). (Wiersbe's Expository Outlines) Determined (2919)(krino is a root of English words like critic, critical [kritikos] = a decisive point at which judgment is made) primarily signifies to distinguish, to decide between (in the sense of considering two or more things and reaching a decision), to make up one's mind, to separate, to discriminate. Sorrow (grief) (3077) lupe see verb lupeo) means sadness, grief, pain, sorrow. Lupe is used in Septuagint of Ge 3:16 (twice) of literal pain in childbirth, but most NT uses are figurative of pain in one's heart ("heartache"). Lupe is a word that describes that which is grievous or produces an emotional "heaviness". Uses in 2 Cor 7:10+ of godly sorrow that produces repentance without regret or worldly sorrow that produces death (2 Cor 7:10+). Describes giving to God "not grudgingly (reluctantly, unwillingly) or under compulsion." (2 Cor 9:7+) Classical Greek = Lupē, a noun appearing from Aeschylus (ca. Fifth Century B.C.) on, is used both of the pain of body and pain of mind, though more often it means the subjective feelings of sorrow, vexation, and grief. All 14 uses clearly a keyword in 2Cor chapter 2 - Lk. 22:45; Jn. 16:6; Jn. 16:20; Jn. 16:21; Jn. 16:22; Rom. 9:2; 2Co. 2:1; 2Co. 2:3; 2Co. 2:7; 2 Co. 7:10; 2 Co. 9:7; Phil. 2:27; Heb. 12:11; 1 Pet. 2:19 2 Corinthians 2:2 For if I cause you sorrow, who then makes me glad but the one whom I made sorrowful? AMP For if I cause you pain [with merited rebuke], who is there to provide me enjoyment but the [very] one whom I have grieved and made sad? KJV 2 Corinthians 2:2 For if I make you sorry, who is he then that maketh me glad, but the same which is made sorry by me? NET 2 Corinthians 2:2 For if I make you sad, who would be left to make me glad but the one I caused to be sad? BGT 2 Corinthians 2:2 εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, καὶ τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με εἰ μὴ ὁ λυπούμενος ἐξ ἐμοῦ; NLT 2 Corinthians 2:2 For if I cause you grief, who will make me glad? Certainly not someone I have grieved. ESV 2 Corinthians 2:2 For if I cause you pain, who is there to make me glad but the one whom I have pained? NIV 2 Corinthians 2:2 For if I grieve you, who is left to make me glad but you whom I have grieved? GNT 2 Corinthians 2:2 εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, καὶ τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με εἰ μὴ ὁ λυπούμενος ἐξ ἐμοῦ; YLT 2 Corinthians 2:2 for if I make you sorry, then who is he who is making me glad, except he who is made sorry by me? ASV 2 Corinthians 2:2 For if I make you sorry, who then is he that maketh me glad but he that is made sorry by me? CSB 2 Corinthians 2:2 For if I cause you pain, then who will cheer me other than the one being hurt by me? MIT 2 Corinthians 2:2 For if I grieve you, who is left to cheer me up, except the one saddened by me? NKJ 2 Corinthians 2:2 For if I make you sorrowful, then who is he who makes me glad but the one who is made sorrowful by me? NRS 2 Corinthians 2:2 For if I cause you pain, who is there to make me glad but the one whom I have pained? NAB 2 Corinthians 2:2 For if I inflict pain upon you, then who is there to cheer me except the one pained by me? NJB 2 Corinthians 2:2 for if I cause you distress I am causing distress to my only possible source of joy. GWN 2 Corinthians 2:2 After all, if I had made you uncomfortable, how could you have cheered me up when you were uncomfortable? BBE 2 Corinthians 2:2 For if I give you sorrow, who then will make me glad, but he who is made sad by me? 2Co 1:14 11:29 Ro 12:15 1Co 12:26 2 Corinthians 2 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries IF HE GRIEVES THEM WHO GIVES HIM JOY? For (gar) term of explanation - Paul explains why he had made up his mind not to come to the Corinthians. if I cause you sorrow (lupeo), who then makes me glad ("who is left to cheer me up") but the one whom I made sorrowful (lupeo)? - NET = "if I make you sad, who would be left to make me glad but the one I caused to be sad?" As the NJB says "if I cause you distress I am causing distress to my only possible source of joy." IF is first class conditional assumed to be true. Paul used euphraino to emphasize the special joy which comes through the fellowship of the Christian community
2 Coríntios 2
Wiersbe - Paul did not want to visit the church as a stern father, but as a loving friend. The church should have brought joy to his heart, not sorrow. If he had made them sorry, how could they in turn make him glad? He wanted to give them time to make matters right in the church; then he would visit them and their fellowship would be joyful. (Wiersbe's Expository Outlines)
2 Coríntios 2
Wiersbe - He wanted to give them time to make matters right in the church; then he would visit them and their fellowship would be joyful (Borrow Wiersbe's Expository Outlines on the New Testament) 2 Corinthians 2:4 For out of much affliction and anguish of heart I wrote to you with many tears; not so that you would be made sorrowful, but that you might know the love which I have especially for you. KJV 2 Corinthians 2:4 For out of much affliction and anguish of heart I wrote unto you with many tears; not that ye should be grieved, but that ye might know the love which I have more abundantly unto you. NET 2 Corinthians 2:4 For out of great distress and anguish of heart I wrote to you with many tears, not to make you sad, but to let you know the love that I have especially for you. BGT 2 Corinthians 2:4 ἐκ γὰρ πολλῆς θλίψεως καὶ συνοχῆς καρδίας ἔγραψα ὑμῖν διὰ πολλῶν δακρύων, οὐχ ἵνα λυπηθῆτε ἀλλὰ τὴν ἀγάπην ἵνα γνῶτε ἣν ἔχω περισσοτέρως εἰς ὑμᾶς. NLT 2 Corinthians 2:4 I wrote that letter in great anguish, with a troubled heart and many tears. I didn't want to grieve you, but I wanted to let you know how much love I have for you. ESV 2 Corinthians 2:4 For I wrote to you out of much affliction and anguish of heart and with many tears, not to cause you pain but to let you know the abundant love that I have for you. NIV 2 Corinthians 2:4 For I wrote you out of great distress and anguish of heart and with many tears, not to grieve you but to let you know the depth of my love for you. GNT 2 Corinthians 2:4 ἐκ γὰρ πολλῆς θλίψεως καὶ συνοχῆς καρδίας ἔγραψα ὑμῖν διὰ πολλῶν δακρύων, οὐχ ἵνα λυπηθῆτε ἀλλὰ τὴν ἀγάπην ἵνα γνῶτε ἣν ἔχω περισσοτέρως εἰς ὑμᾶς. YLT 2 Corinthians 2:4 for out of much tribulation and pressure of heart I wrote to you through many tears, not that ye might be made sorry, but that ye might know the love that I have more abundantly toward you. ASV 2 Corinthians 2:4 For out of much affliction and anguish of heart I wrote unto you with many tears; not that ye should be made sorry, but that ye might know the love that I have more abundantly unto you. CSB 2 Corinthians 2:4 For I wrote to you with many tears out of an extremely troubled and anguished heart-- not that you should be hurt, but that you should know the abundant love I have for you. MIT 2 Corinthians 2:4 For out of much anguish and heaviness of heart I wrote to you through many tears, not with the intent of causing you sorrow, but that you might know my overflowing love toward you. NKJ 2 Corinthians 2:4 For out of much affliction and anguish of heart I wrote to you, with many tears, not that you should be grieved, but that you might know the love which I have so abundantly for you. NRS 2 Corinthians 2:4 For I wrote you out of much distress and anguish of heart and with many tears, not to cause you pain, but to let you know the abundant love that I have for you. NAB 2 Corinthians 2:4 For out of much affliction and anguish of heart I wrote to you with many tears, not that you might be pained but that you might know the abundant love I have for you. NJB 2 Corinthians 2:4 I wrote to you in agony of mind, not meaning to cause you distress but to show you how very much love I have for you. GWN 2 Corinthians 2:4 I was deeply troubled and anguished. In fact, I had tears in my eyes when I wrote to you. I didn't write to make you uncomfortable but to let you know how much I love you. BBE 2 Corinthians 2:4 For out of much trouble and pain of heart and much weeping I sent my letter to you; not to give you sorrow, but so that you might see how great is the love which I have to you. out: Lev 19:17,18 Ps 119:136 Pr 27:5,6 Jer 13:15-17 Lu 19:41-44 Ro 9:2,3 Php 3:18 not: 2Co 7:8,9,12 12:15, that you might, 2Co 11:2 2 Corinthians 2 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries CONFRONTATION WITH LETTER WRITTEN WITH A PEN "DIPPED IN TEARS!" For out of much affliction (thlipsis) and anguish (sunoche - dismay, distress) of heart (kardia) I wrote to you with many tears (dakruon) - Paul opens his heart to us and the Corinthians in this passage expressing his great emotional pain, presumably related to his painful visit. With...tears is literally "through tears" which
2 Coríntios 2
Wiersbe - Tears are an important part of a spiritual ministry. Jesus wept; Paul ministered with tears (Acts 20:19 and Acts 20:31); and Ps. 126:5–6 states that there will be no harvest apart from tears....In chapter 1, Paul’s theme was abundant comfort; here it is abundant love. “Love never fails” (1 Cor. 13:8). Where there is love, there is always the burden to see others enjoy the very best. How many times pastors weep over wayward Christians. Yet God honored Paul’s tears and worked in the church so that sin was put away. (Borrow Wiersbe's Expository Outlines on the New Testament) Those who sow in tears shall reap with joyful shouting. He who goes to and fro weeping, carrying his bag of seed, Shall indeed come again with a shout of joy, bringing his sheaves with him. -- Psalm 126:5-6 Spurgeon makes an interesting comment on Paul's approach which was not defensive and offensive but afflicted and anguished - “Where I have known that there existed a measure of disaffection to myself, I have not recognised it, unless it has been forced upon me, but have, on the contrary, acted towards the opposing person with all the more courtesy and friendliness, and I have never heard any more of the matter. If I had treated the good man as an opponent, he would have done his best to take the part assigned him, and carry it out to his own credit.” (See the full quote entitled "Suspicion in Ministry" from Spurgeon's "Lectures to My Students" - online)
2 Coríntios 2
Wiersbe - He did not think of his own feelings, but of the feelings of others. In Christian ministry, those who bring us great joy can also create for us great sorrow; and this was what Paul was experiencing. He wrote them a stern letter, born out of the anguish of his own heart, and bathed in Christian love. His great desire was that the church might obey the Word, discipline the offender, and bring purity and peace to the congregation. “Faithful are the wounds of a friend, but the kisses of an enemy are deceitful” (Prov. 27:6). Paul knew that his words would wound those he loved, and this brought pain to his heart. But he also knew (as every loving parent knows) that there is a big difference between hurting someone and harming him. Sometimes those who love us must hurt us in order to keep us from harming ourselves. Paul could have exercised his apostolic authority and commanded the people to respect him and obey him; but he preferred to minister with patience and love. God knew that Paul’s change in plans had as its motive the sparing of the church from further pain (2 Cor. 1:23–24). Love always considers the feelings of others and seeks to put their good ahead of everything else. (Borrow Be encouraged : God can turn your trials into triumphs)
2 Coríntios 2
Wiersbe - It is worth noting that Paul did not mention the name of the man who had opposed him and divided the church family. However, Paul did tell the church to discipline this man for his own good. If the person referred to is the fornicator mentioned in 1 Corinthians 5, then these verses indicate that the church did hold a meeting and discipline the man, and that he repented of his sins and was restored. True discipline is an evidence of love (see Heb. 12). Some young parents with “modern views” of how to raise children refuse to discipline their disobedient offspring because these parents claim they love their children too much. But if they really loved their children, they would chasten them. Church discipline is not a popular subject or a widespread practice. Too many churches sweep such things “under the rug” instead of obeying the Scriptures and confronting the situation boldly by “speaking the truth in love” (Eph. 4:15). “Peace at any price” is not a biblical principle, for there cannot be true spiritual peace without purity (James 3:13–18). Problems that are “swept under the rug” have a way of multiplying and creating even worse problems later on. The man whom Paul confronted, and whom the church disciplined, was helped by this kind of loving attention. When I was a child, I didn’t always appreciate the discipline that my parents gave me, though I must confess that I deserved far more than I received. But now that I look back, I can thank God that they loved me enough to hurt me and hinder me from harming myself. Now I understand what they really meant when they said, “This hurts us more than it hurts you.” (Bible Exposition Commentary) Sufficient (2425) (hikanos from the root hik- = “to reach [with the hand],” “to attain”, `reaching to', `attaining to'; hence, `adequate') refers to that which reaches or arrives at a certain standard. Hikanos has been variously used from the time of the Greek tragic dramatists in the basic sense of adequate (sufficient for a specific requirement), sufficient (enough to meet the needs of a situation or a proposed end), enough (in or to a degree or quantity that satisfies or that is sufficient or necessary for satisfaction). Uses in the Corinthian letters - 1Co. 11:30; 1Co. 15:9 ("not fit to be called an apostle"); 2Co. 2:6; 2Co. 2:16 ("who is adequate for these things?"); 2Co. 3:5 ("Not that we are adequate in ourselves to consider anything as coming from ourselves") Punishment (2009)(epitimia from epitimao = to rebuke, punish) with the implication of causing people to suffer what they deserve. It is used only in 2Cor 2:6 as a technical term in congregational discipline for the censure of the church in the case of the member who had been involved in incest (1Co 5:1f+) the penalty being expulsion from the fellowship of the church. "Classical writers used epitimia primarily in two ways: to refer to “citizenship,” with all its civil rights and privileges, and to refer to “punishment” or “penalty.” The Septuagint adopted the second sense of the term, namely, “punishment,” in Wisdom of Solomon 3:10. The term carries the implication of causing an offender to suffer the deserved consequences of his sin, whether simply a rebuke or a more substantial penalty." (Complete Biblical Library) 2 Corinthians 2:7 so that on the contrary you should rather forgive and comfort him, otherwise such a one might be overwhelmed by excessive sorrow. KJV 2 Corinthians 2:7 So that contrariwise ye ought rather to forgive him, and comfort him, lest perhaps such a one should be swallowed up with overmuch sorrow. NET 2 Corinthians 2:7 so that now instead you should rather forgive and comfort him. This will keep him from being overwhelmed by excessive grief to the point of despair. BGT 2 Corinthians 2:7 ὥστε τοὐναντίον μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς χαρίσασθαι καὶ παρακαλέσαι, μή πως τῇ περισσοτέρᾳ λύπῃ καταποθῇ ὁ τοιοῦτος. NLT 2 Corinthians 2:7 Now, however, it is time to forgive and comfort him. Otherwise he may be overcome by discouragement. ESV 2 Corinthians 2:7 so you should rather turn to forgive and comfort him, or he may be overwhelmed by excessive sorrow. NIV 2 Corinthians 2:7 Now instead, you ought to forgive and comfort him, so that he will not be overwhelmed by excessive sorrow. GNT 2 Corinthians 2:7 ὥστε τοὐναντίον μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς χαρίσασθαι καὶ παρακαλέσαι, μή πως τῇ περισσοτέρᾳ λύπῃ καταποθῇ ὁ τοιοῦτος. YLT 2 Corinthians 2:7 so that, on the contrary, it is rather for you to forgive and to comfort, lest by over abundant sorrow such a one may be swallowed up; ASV 2 Corinthians 2:7 so that contrariwise ye should rather forgive him and comfort him, lest by any means such a one should be swallowed up with his overmuch sorrow. CSB 2 Corinthians 2:7 As a result, you should instead forgive and comfort him. Otherwise, this one may be overwhelmed by excessive grief. MIT 2 Corinthians 2:7 To balance things, your resultant action should consist of being gracious and encouraging to him, so as to avoid his being engulfed in greater grief. NKJ 2 Corinthians 2:7 so that, on the contrary, you ought rather to forgive and comfort him, lest perhaps such a one be swallowed up with too much sorrow. NRS 2 Corinthians 2:7 so now instead you should forgive and console him, so that he may not be overwhelmed by excessive sorrow. NAB 2 Corinthians 2:7 so that on the contrary you should forgive and encourage him instead, or else the person may be overwhelmed by excessive pain. NJB 2 Corinthians 2:7 and now by contrast you should forgive and encourage him all the more, or he may be overwhelmed by the extent of his distress. GWN 2 Corinthians 2:7 So now forgive and comfort him. Such distress could overwhelm someone like that if he's not forgiven and comforted. BBE 2 Corinthians 2:7 So that now, on the other hand, it is right for him to have forgiveness and comfort from you, for fear that his sorrow may be over-great. you should rather forgive and comfort him: Ga 6:1-2 Eph 4:32 Col 3:13 2Th 3:6,14,15 Heb 12:12-15 might be overwhelmed.: 2Co 5:4 2Sa 20:19,20 Ps 21:9 56:1,2 57:3 124:3 Pr 1:12 Isa 28:7 1Co 15:54 by excessive sorrow: 2Co 7:10 Pr 17:22 Php 2:27 1Th 4:13 2 Corinthians 2 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Ephesians 4:32+ Be (present imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) kind to one another, tender-hearted, forgiving (charizomai in present tense - continually which necessitates continual dependence on the Holy Spirit) each other, (HERE IS OUR MODEL) just as God in Christ also has forgiven (charizomai) you. Colossians 3:13+ bearing with (present tense) one another, and forgiving (charizomai in present tense - continually which necessitates continual dependence on the Holy Spirit) each other, whoever has a complaint against anyone; (NOTE THE "STANDARD" OF OUR FORGIVENESS!) just as the Lord forgave (Col 2:13+ - charizomai) you, so also should you. THE ROAD TO RESTORATION: CORPORATE FORGIVENESS & COMFORT Paul continues his comment on the fact that the punishment that has been inflicted is enough. The implication is that the offender had repented of his offense but that some of the church felt that the offender needed more punishment before he could be restored to the fellowship but Paul clearly disagreed as shown by his words so that on the contrary. So that on the contrary - This is a term of contrast. Paul uses this tounantion to draw a contrast as Barclay renders it "so far from inflicting severer punishment, (HERE IS THE CONTRAST) you must forgive him and comfort him." Tounantiou is used only 3x (2Co 2:7, Gal 2:7, 1Pe 3:9) being a contraction of “the (article = to) and opposite or contrary (enantios) which serves as an adversative adverb drawing a contrast between what has just been written and what is about to be written. Church discipline is never vindictive, but always redemptive. Sin must be exposed, but it also must be covered (forgiven by God, forgiven by church) after it is exposed. --Bob Utley You should rather forgive and comfort him - To forgive and comfort would be evidence of the Spirit's working in the Corinthian fellowship (see A Spirit Filled Church), for it is not usually natural to forgive an offense. For followers of Jesus it is supernaturally possible to forgive one who has offended, just as Jesus did (cf Lk 23:34+). Even the verb Paul chooses for forgive (charizomai - used in 1 Cor 2:12+, 2Co 2:10, 2Co 12:13) is derived from the word for grace (charis) implying that to forgive necessitates reliance on the grace of God and also is a manifestation of the unmerited favor the person freely bestows on the offender. Forgiveness by the whole church, the local Body of Christ, would serve to assure the offender that Christ Himself had in fact forgiven him. Utley on you should forgive - Paul asks the majority to forgive in 2Co 2:7 (aorist middle infinitive); in 2Co 2:10 he repeats the ongoing request (present middle indicative); in 2Co 2:10 he assures them of his (personal pronoun, egō) gracious and ongoing forgiveness of the offender (two perfect middle indicatives) ("I have forgiven, if [since] I have forgiven") Paul says they also are to comfort the repentant offender which is the verb parakaleo which means one called alongside or who comes alongside. In short, they are not to treat this man like an outcaste or a "spiritual leper" but as a brother in Christ, one who has been reconciled with God and with whom they also experience reconciliation and fellowship.
2 Coríntios 2
Wiersbe - It appeared in Asia that Paul’s plans had completely fallen apart. Where was Titus? What was going on at Corinth? Paul had open doors of ministry at Troas, but he had no peace in his heart to walk through those doors. Humanly speaking, it looked like the end of the battle, with Satan as the victor. Except for one thing: Paul had a conquering faith! He was able to break out in praise and write, “Thanks be unto God!” (2 Cor. 2:14) This song of praise was born out of the assurances Paul had because he trusted the Lord. (Bible Exposition Commentary) Thanks (charis) be to God, Who always leads us in triumph (present tense - continually) in Christ, and (present tense - continually) manifests through us the sweet aroma of the knowledge of Him in every place - Always is a great word. But notice the next word leads us in triumph. What is the implication? We need to always follow in order to always be led by God. We need to learn to be continually led by His Spirit (Gal 5:18+, cf Ro 8:14+ - for explains "by the Spirit putting to death the deeds of the body" in Ro 8:13+). In Christ is locative of sphere, in the "atmosphere" of Christ, in His power, in the power of His Spirit. The verb manifests means clearly displayed and made known. Through (dia) indicates believers function like "conduits" through which flows the sweet aroma of the knowledge of Jesus. As Paul says in his last letter "therefore if anyone cleanses himself from these things, he will be a vessel for honor, sanctified (set apart - perfect tense), useful to the Master (WE ARE NOT OUR OWN), prepared (perfect tense) for every good ("GOD"/"Jn 15:5") work (IN THIS VERSE PREPARED FOR PRESENTING THE SWEET AROMA OF JESUS) (2Ti 2:21+) The sweet aroma of the knowledge of Him is "longhand" for the Gospel of Jesus Christ proclaimed by Paul, et al. Contrast this with Paul's mention of fragrance of Christ in 2Co 2:15, where it refers not to the message proclaimed but to the messengers that proclaim the message. Paul writes a very similar statement in 1Co 15:57 "but thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ." Compare similar expressions of praise to God - Ro 6:17; Ro 7:25; 2Cor 8:16; 2Cor 9:15. Utley on “of the knowledge of Him in every place” - The Corinthian church was proud of its intellectual heritage. Paul was proud of his knowledge of God through Christ. Knowledge was not for personal glory, but for evangelism. As we are “always” (pantote) led in triumph in Christ, we also are expected to clearly reveal (manifest) the message of Christ “in every place” (panti). The universal gospel of Christ is to be shared by His victorious followers in every place (cf. Matt. 28:19–20; Acts 1:8).