Levítico 26
Warren Wiersbe · Citado em PreceptAustin
Levítico 26
Wiersbe: Other peoples might work on the seventh day and treat it like any other day, but the Israelites rested on the seventh day and thereby gave witness that they belonged to the Lord (Neh. 13:15–22; Isa. 58:13–14). Leviticus 26:36 'As for those of you who may be left, I will also bring weakness into their hearts in the lands of their enemies. And the sound of a driven leaf will chase them, and even when no one is pursuing they will flee as though from the sword, and they will fall. NETS Septuagint - And onto those of you who are left, I will send faintness into their heart in the land of their enemies, and the sound of a driven leaf shall put them to flight, and they shall flee as those who flee from battle, and they shall fall though no one pursues. NET "'As for the ones who remain among you, I will bring despair into their hearts in the lands of their enemies. The sound of a blowing leaf will pursue them, and they will flee as one who flees the sword and fall down even though there is no pursuer. KJV And upon them that are left alive of you I will send a faintness into their hearts in the lands of their enemies; and the sound of a shaken leaf shall chase them; and they shall flee, as fleeing from a sword; and they shall fall when none pursueth. CSB "I will put anxiety in the hearts of those of you who survive in the lands of their enemies. The sound of a wind-driven leaf will put them to flight, and they will flee as one flees from a sword, and fall though no one is pursuing them. ESV And as for those of you who are left, I will send faintness into their hearts in the lands of their enemies. The sound of a driven leaf shall put them to flight, and they shall flee as one flees from the sword, and they shall fall when none pursues. NLT "And for those of you who survive, I will demoralize you in the land of your enemies. You will live in such fear that the sound of a leaf driven by the wind will send you fleeing. You will run as though fleeing from a sword, and you will fall even when no one pursues you. I will send (KJV): Ge 35:5 De 28:65-67 Jos 2:9-11 5:1 1Sa 17:24 2Ki 7:6,7 2Ch 14:14 Job 15:21,22 Isa 7:2,4 Eze 21:7,12,15 and the (KJV): Lev 26:7,8,17 De 1:44 Job 15:21 Pr 28:1 Isa 30:17 shaken (KJV): Heb. driven Leviticus 26 Commentaries - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries THE FEARFUL REMNANT As for those of you who may be left, (Lev 26:39): Here the remnant (English definition) in context does not necessarily mean they were a "saved" Jewish remnant but only that they were those Jews who would remain alive. And so we read... Deuteronomy 4:27-note “The LORD will scatter you among the peoples, and you will be left few in number among the nations where the LORD drives you. Deuteronomy 28:62 “Then you shall be left few in number, whereas you were as numerous as the stars of heaven, because you did not obey the LORD your God. In contrast in every age there has always been a saved Jewish remnant that remained faithful to Jehovah as in the days of Elijah... Yet I will leave 7,000 in Israel, all the knees that have not bowed to Baal and every mouth that has not kissed him. (1 Ki 19:18, Ro 11:1-2-note). There will also be a Jewish remnant saved out of the Great Tribulation who will enter the Millennial Kingdom It will come about that he who is left in Zion and remains in Jerusalem will be called holy–everyone who is recorded for life in Jerusalem. (Isa 4:3-note). Zechariah quotes Jehovah's promise to be fulfilled for Israel in the time of the Great Tribulation “I will pour out on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the Spirit of grace and of supplication, so that they will look on Me whom they have pierced; and they will mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only son, and they will weep bitterly over Him like the bitter weeping over a firstborn. (Zech 12:10) “It will come about in all the land,” Declares the LORD, “That two parts in it will be cut off and perish; But the third will be left in it. And I (JEHOVAH) will bring the third part through the fire, Refine (tsaraph; Lxx = puroo) them as silver is refined (tsaraph; Lxx = puroo), And test (bachan/bahan; Lxx = dokimazo) them as gold is tested (bachan/bahan; Lxx = dokimazo). (NOW BECAUSE THEY HAVE A NEW HEART BY GRACE [Zech 12:10] THROUGH FAITH) They will call on My name, And I will answer them; I will say, ‘They are My people,’ And they will say, ‘The LORD is my God.’” (THESE LAST PHRASES ARE THE LANGUAGE OF THOSE IN COVENANT WITH JEHOVAH - cp the "New Covenant" promises in Jer 31:31-34-note) (Zech 13:8-9) Ryrie comments - God's judgment of Israel at the return of Christ will weed out all but one-third of them. These will constitute the "all Israel" that will then be saved (Ro 11:26-note). Daniel amplifies Zechariah's prophecy writing in the context of the time of great distress such as has never occurred in Israel (Da 12:1-note) the Great Tribulation will be like a "fire" that refines and tests those who are genuine believers in their Messiah... Many (Jews) will be purged, purified and refined (tsaraph); but the wicked will act wickedly, and none of the wicked will understand, but those who have insight will understand. (Daniel 12:10-note) Left (remnant) (07604)(sha'ar/sa'ar) is used to indicate those surviving after an elimination process. The Septuagint translates "left" with the Greek verb kataleipo which literally means to leave behind or leave remaining. I will also bring weakness into their hearts in the lands of their enemies (Eze 21:7,12,15). We see this partially fulfilled in Ezekiel... Ezekiel 21:7 (Read context - Jehovah against Jerusalem - Ezek 21:1-6) “And when they say to you, ‘Why do you groan?’ you shall say, ‘Because of the news that is coming; and every heart will melt, all hands will be feeble, every spirit will faint and all knees will be weak as water. Behold, it comes and it will happen,’ declares the Lord GOD.” Ezekiel 21:15 that their hearts may melt, and many fall at all their gates. I have given the glittering sword. Ah! It is made for striking like lightning, it is wrapped up in readiness for slaughter. And the sound of a driven leaf will chase them: This figurative expression depicts the degree of terror the Jews would experience. A falling leaf has no force and makes little if any noise and yet God says they will flee even when there is no reason to flee. Even when no one is pursuing they will flee as though from the sword, and they will fall. Leviticus 26:37 'They will therefore stumble over each other as if running from the sword, although no one is pursuing; and you will have no strength to stand up before your enemies. NET They will stumble over each other as those who flee before a sword, though there is no pursuer, and there will be no one to take a stand for you before your enemies. KJV And they shall fall one upon another, as it were before a sword, when none pursueth: and ye shall have no power to stand before your enemies. CSB They will stumble over one another as if fleeing from a sword though no one is pursuing them. You will not be able to stand against your enemies. ESV They shall stumble over one another, as if to escape a sword, though none pursues. And you shall have no power to stand before your enemies. NLT Though no one is chasing you, you will stumble over each other as though fleeing from a sword. You will have no power to stand up against your enemies. NETS Septuagint - And brother shall disdain brother as in a war, though no one is running away, and you shall not be able to withstand your enemies. they will: Judges 7:22 1Sa 14:15,16 Isa 10:4 Jer 37:10 and you will: Nu 14:42 Jos 7:12,13 Jdg 2:14 Leviticus 26 Commentaries - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries SIN CAUSES FEAR AND BRINGS A FALL UBS - This continues the image of the people of Israel, who will be so frightened that they panic and cause injury to each other even though no one is chasing them. (Handbook on Leviticus) Matthew Poole on "they shall fall one upon another" (KJV) "as soldiers use to do when their ranks are broken, and they forced to flee away hastily from their pursuers." John
Levítico 26
Wiersbe comments that "Even in the worst situations, however, there is always hope; for the Lord is “merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth, keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin” (Ex. 34:6–7). His covenant with His people never changes; and if we confess our sins and repent, He will forgive and restore (Lev. 26:40; 1 Ki 8:33–34; Neh. 9:2; 1 Jn 1:9-note). Whether in blessing, chastening, or forgiving, God always keeps His covenant and is true to His Word. God may punish His people (ISRAEL), but He will never reject them or cast them away (Ro 11:1-2ff-note). In fact, one reason for His chastening is to bring His erring people (ISRAEL) back into His arms of love, where He can enjoy them and bless them once again. God’s people may forget His law, but God remembers His covenant (ABRAHAMIC COVENANT). He also remembers the land (PROMISED TO ISRAEL IN THE COVENANT - SEE Ge 15:18-20-note), because it belongs to Him (Lev. 25:23). There will be a future regathering of Israel to their land prior to the coming of Christ to the earth to establish His promised kingdom....God gave the land to Abraham and his descendants, and He will not go back on His Word. (Be Holy) (Bolding added - words in ALL CAPS = my additional comments) Matthew Henry Concise - Among the Israelites, persons were not always prosperous or afflicted according to their obedience or disobedience. But national prosperity was the effect of national obedience, and national judgments were brought on by national wickedness. Israel was under a peculiar covenant (MOSAIC COVENANT). (HENRY'S WARNING TO AMERICA!) National wickedness will end in the ruin of any people, especially where the word of God and the light of the Gospel are enjoyed. Sooner or later, sin will be the ruin, as well as the reproach, of every people (Pr 14:34). Oh that, being humbled for our sins, we might avert the rising storm before it bursts upon us! God grant that we may, in this our day, consider the things which belong to our eternal peace. George Bush - Leviticus Notes Critical and Practical - Leviticus 26 Promises of restored Favor upon Repentance If they shall confess their iniquity, &c. The portion contained between this verse and the end, may be considered as the third general division of the chapter, comprising a series of gracious assurances of returning favor, upon their humble and sincere repentance. It declares that if, even in their worst and lowest state, they should penitently confess their iniquities, and acknowledge the mighty mind of God in their afflictions, and should meekly accept them as the punishment of their sins, then the Lord would again remember his covenant with their fathers, and restore to them his favor. The history of the nation, followed out in its details, confirms the truth of these promises no less clearly than it does of the threatenings recorded above. Never did Israel repent and seek the face of their God in vain. Whenever they returned to him in penitence and prayer, putting away their idols and renewing their obedience, he returned also to them in the various tokens of his mercy, delivering them from their enemies, restoring to them the years which the canker-worm had eaten, and blessing them with peace and plenty. A most striking specimen of the humble confession and fervent prayer here alluded to, is to be found in the ninth chapters respectively of Daniel, of Ezra, and in the first of Nehemiah. We there see which kind of humiliation is acceptable before God, and what gracious expressions of kindness it meets with. And so we learn from the sure word of prophecy, that there will yet come again a great and universal repentance of that ancient, honored, and afflicted people; that they shall look upon him whom they have pierced and mourn; that they will return and seek the Lord their God, and the spiritual David their king; and that then the Lord will set his hand a second time, and gather them out of all nations among whom they are scattered, and plant them again in their own land, where they shall for a long tract of ages be partakers in the richest blessings of the Gospel. And the iniquity of their fathers. The principle of the unity of the different generations of the Jewish race is recognized all along the line of their history. The children were to repent of the sins of their fathers, and if they could not be absolved from their own sins, except on condition of confessing their fathers’, their fathers’ iniquities, unrepented of, became their own, and also the punishment due to them. Leviticus 26:41 I also was acting with hostility against them, to bring them into the land of their enemies--or if their uncircumcised heart becomes humbled so that they then make amends for their iniquity NETS Septuagint - and I, in turn, walked in skewed anger with them, and I shall destroy them in the land of their enemies. Then their uncircumcised heart will feel ashamed, and then they will be content with their iniquities. ESV so that I walked contrary to them and brought them into the land of their enemies--if then their uncircumcised heart is humbled and they make amends for their iniquity, NET (and I myself will walk in hostility against them and bring them into the land of their enemies), and then their uncircumcised hearts become humbled and they make up for their iniquity, KJV And that I also have walked contrary unto them, and have brought them into the land of their enemies; if then their uncircumcised hearts be humbled, and they then accept of the punishment of their iniquity: CSB and I acted with hostility toward them and brought them into the land of their enemies-- and if their uncircumcised hearts will be humbled, and if they will pay the penalty for their sin, ESV so that I walked contrary to them and brought them into the land of their enemies--if then their uncircumcised heart is humbled and they make amends for their iniquity, NLT When I have turned their hostility back on them and brought them to the land of their enemies, then at last their stubborn hearts will be humbled, and they will pay for their sins. GWN I will oppose them and bring them into the lands of their enemies. Then, if they humble their uncircumcised hearts and accept their guilt, NAB so that I, too, had to defy them and bring them into their enemies' land. Then, when their uncircumcised hearts are humbled and they make amends for their guilt, NIV which made me hostile toward them so that I sent them into the land of their enemies--then when their uncircumcised hearts are humbled and they pay for their sin, NJB "I in my turn will go against them and bring them into the land of their enemies. Then their uncircumcised hearts will grow humble and then they will accept the punishment for their guilt. YLT also I walk to them in opposition, and have brought them into the land of their enemies -- or then their uncircumcised heart is humbled, and then they accept the punishment of their iniquity, -- 42 then I have remembered My covenant with Jacob, and also My covenant with Isaac, and also My covenant with Abraham I remember, and the land I remember. BBE So that I went against them and sent them away into the land of their haters: if then the pride of their hearts is broken and they take the punishment of their sins, if their uncircumcised heart: De 30:6 Jer 4:4 6:10 9:25,26 Eze 44:7 Ac 7:51 Ro 2:28,29 Ga 5:6 Php 3:3 Col 2:11 heart becomes humbled: Ex 10:3 1Ki 21:29 2Ch 12:6,7,12 32:26 33:12,13,19,23 Eze 6:9 Eze 20:43 Mt 23:12 Lu 14:11 18:14 Jas 4:6-9 1Pe 5:5,6 so that they then make amends for their iniquity: Ezra 9:13,15 Ne 9:33 Ps 39:9 51:3,4 Da 9:7-14,18,19 Leviticus 26 Commentaries - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: 1 Kings 8:46-48 “When they sin against You (for there is no man who does not sin) and You are angry with them and deliver them to an enemy, so that they take them away captive to the land of the enemy, far off or near; 47 if they take thought in the land where they have been taken captive, and repent and make supplication to You in the land of those who have taken them captive, saying, ‘We have sinned and have committed iniquity, we have acted wickedly’; 48 if they return to You with all their heart and with all their soul in the land of their enemies who have taken them captive, and pray to You toward their land which You have given to their fathers, the city which You have chosen, and the house which I have built for Your name; 49 then hear their prayer and their supplication in heaven Your dwelling place, and maintain their cause, 50 and forgive Your people who have sinned against You and all their transgressions which they have transgressed against You, and make them objects of compassion before those who have taken them captive, that they may have compassion on them 51 (for they are Your people and Your inheritance which You have brought forth from Egypt, from the midst of the iron furnace), 52 that Your eyes may be open to the supplication of Your servant and to the supplication of Your people Israel, to listen to them whenever they call to You. 53 “For You have separated them from all the peoples of the earth as Your inheritance, as You spoke through Moses Your servant, when You brought our fathers forth from Egypt, O Lord GOD.” CONFESSION AND HUMBLING OF AN UNCIRCUMCISED HEART Lev 26:40-42, 45 should be read together to help understand what Moses is saying... But if they confess their iniquity (sins) and the iniquity (sins) of their fathers, in their treachery (unfaithfulness) that they committed against me, and also in walking contrary (in hostility) to Me 41 (THIS NEXT STATEMENT REFERS TO GOD'S JUDGMENT OF ISRAEL DESCRIBED IN Lev 26:14-39 this next statement is the KJV - Lev 26:41KJV) so that I walked contrary to them and brought them into the land of their enemies, and then their uncircumcised hearts become humbled and they make up for their iniquity, 42 then I will remember My covenant (ABRAHAMIC COVENANT) with Jacob, and I will remember My covenant with Isaac and My covenant with Abraham, and I will remember the land.... 45 But I will for their sake remember the covenant with their forefathers, (ABRAHAMIC COVENANT) whom I brought out of the land of Egypt in the sight of the nations, that I might be their God: I am the LORD." 40‘If they confess their iniquity and the iniquity of their forefathers, in their unfaithfulness which they committed against Me, and also in their acting with hostility against Me– 41I also was acting with hostility against them, to bring them into the land of their enemies–or if their uncircumcised heart becomes humbled so that they then make amends for their iniquity, 42then I will remember My covenant with Jacob, and I will remember also My covenant with Isaac, and My covenant with Abraham as well, and I will remember the land. (26:45) ‘But I will remember for them the covenant with their ancestors, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt in the sight of the nations, that I might be their God. I am the LORD.’” I have emphasized confess, humbled and remember My covenant. If they confess....and their uncircumcised heart becomes humbled: How can an uncircumcised (in essence an unregenerate heart) become humbled? No one seeks after God (Ro 3:11, Ps 14:2) so for a godless heart to truly become humbled strongly suggests it has been (or is in the process of being) transformed by God's Spirit and is thus behaving like a heart which is circumcised (see notes on Deut 30:6-note and Deut 30:11-note). In support of this premise Job 22:29 records "When you are cast down, you will speak with confidence, And the humble person He will save." They confess their sin in Lev 26:40, which is also an action of a heart that is moving toward God. David writes "I acknowledged my sin to You, and my iniquity I did not hide; I said, "I will confess (same verb yadah as in Lev 26:40) my transgressions to the LORD"; And You forgave the guilt of my sin. Selah." (Ps 32:5) Proverbs says "He who conceals his transgressions will not prosper, But he who confesses (same verb yadah as in Lev 26:40) and forsakes them will find compassion." (Pr 28:13+) And in context what is the "compassion" the humble confessor experiences? God will remember His covenant (Lev 26:42). In Lev 26:45 he reiterates "I will remember for them the covenant...that I might be their God.’” This phrase "I will remember My covenant" is used in Genesis when God promises never to destroy the earth by a flood (Ge 9:15). In Ezekiel 16:60 God declares to unfaithful Israel "Nevertheless, I will remember My covenant with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish an everlasting covenant with you." As Matthew
Levítico 26
Wiersbe - In Leviticus 26, to obey God is to “walk in [His] statutes” (Lev 26:3-note), but to disobey Him is to “walk contrary” to the Lord and despise His statutes (Lev 26:15, 21, 23–24, 27–28, 40–41). The word translated “contrary” means “a hostile meeting with the intention of fighting.” If I’m walking one direction and God is walking another, I’m moving away from His presence; and God isn’t about to change His direction! If I continue to walk contrary to Him, I’m going to have serious problems; for “can two walk together, except they be agreed?” (Amos 3:3) Moses gave his people four excellent reasons why they should obey the Lord. Moseley writes - Søren Kierkegaard was a philosopher who lived in nineteenth century Denmark. He is known as the first existentialist and was a prolific writer. He wrote over seven thousand pages in his journals, not to mention all his books. By the mid-twentieth century his thought had exerted a significant influence on Western culture. The reason I mention Kierkegaard is because of the first book he ever published. It was entitled Either–Or. We cannot agree with all of Kierkegaard’s philosophy, but his book Either–Or makes it clear that he did understand that life is about choices, decisions. Every situation and every idea we encounter requires a decision. Kierkegaard was never interested merely in decisions about thinking; he was interested in actions—the way we live, the way we act. He entitled the book Either–Or because we constantly face choices between either acting for our own pleasure or acting to do what is right. Every day, almost countless times—either–or, either–or. Kierkegaard also said that ultimately neither direction of living will bring our lives meaning without God. In Leviticus 26 God presented His people with a choice—either to be faithful to God and His covenant or to be unfaithful to God and His covenant. God also said that the choice we make will have consequences—either we will be blessed by being faithful to God or we will suffer by being unfaithful to God. Like Kierkegaard’s either–or choice, our choice has to do with the way we think, but also with the way we act. (Exalting Christ in Leviticus) Believer's Study Bible - Leviticus 26 is a prophetic history regarding Israel's presence in the land. The blessings for obedience are found in Lev 26:1-13, the punishments for disobedience in Lev 26:14-46 (cf. Dt. 7:12-26; 28:1-68; 30:1-20). It was common to conclude vassal treaties in the ancient Near East with a section on blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience. Other passages relating the blessings and curses of the Mosaic Law include Ex 23:22-33; Dt 28:1-68; Josh 24:20 (Notice the "if...then" clause - "If you forsake the LORD and serve foreign gods, then He will turn and do you harm and consume you after He has done good to you.”) You shall not make for yourselves idols, nor shall you set up for yourselves an image or a sacred pillar, nor shall you place a figured stone in your land to bow down to it; for I am the LORD your God - This chapter opens with a striking contrast of false worship in verse 1 and true worship in verse 2! You cannot have your "religious cake" and eat it too! You cannot have it both ways (cf Mt 6:24+). Isa 37:19 40:19-21 44:9,10,17 Ps 115:4-8 Jer 10:3-6,11 Hos 8:6 Ex 19:4, Ex 20:4-6, Dt 5:8-10, 4:15-18): Idols were (are) "nothings", "things of nothingness," "worthlessness!" The following synonyms give a clear picture of what an idol really is = non-entities, things of nought, good for nothing, worthless. The Hebrew term conveys the idea of “to be weak, deficient” and then is used primarily in Scripture to describe vain objects of worship, that is, the gods of this world, whether literal idols, riches, or deceitful men. God is Spirit and must be worshiped in spirit and in truth (Jn 4:24+). J.
Levítico 26
Wiersbe - The presence of the Lord (Lev. 26:11–12) was the greatest blessing promised, because every other blessing depends on it. What other nation had the sanctuary of the living God in their midst and their God walking among them? (Rom. 9:1–5) How tragic that Israel’s disobedience turned the temple into a den of thieves (Jer. 7:11), forcing the Lord to destroy the temple and send His people into exile. When we lose the sense of the Lord’s presence and the privilege it is to serve Him, then we begin to despise His Word and disobey His commandments. Nine times in Leviticus we find the Lord reminding His people that He had delivered them out from Egypt and therefore deserved their obedience (Lev 11:45; 19:36; 22:33; 23:43; 25:38, 42, 55; 26:13, 45). In Deuteronomy, Moses emphasized that their love for the Lord should motivate their obedience because of all He had done for them. (Be Holy) Paul writes Or what agreement has the temple of God with idols? For we are the temple of the living God; just as God said, “I WILL DWELL IN THEM AND WALK AMONG THEM; AND I WILL BE THEIR GOD, AND THEY SHALL BE MY PEOPLE. 2 Corinthians 6:16 AND YOU SHALL BE MY PEOPLE Jeremiah 7:23 But this is what I commanded them, saying, ‘Obey My voice, and I will be your God, and you will be My people; and you will walk in all the way which I command you, that it may be well with you.’ Nelson Study Bible - Obedience would bring blessing. When the prophets lashed out against sacrifice, it was not against the sacrificial system as God had established it, but against the corruption of that system as the people practiced it. The same thing is found in the New Testament passages that seemingly speak against the Law. Both the New Testament writers and the Hebrew prophets denounce the abuses of divine systems in human hands. Jeremiah 31:33-note (NEW COVENANT) But this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” declares the LORD, “I will put My law within them and on their heart I will write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. Ezekiel 36:28-note (NEW COVENANT) “You will live in the land that I gave to your forefathers; so you will be My people, and I will be your God. Hosea 2:23 “I will sow her for Myself in the land. I will also have compassion on her who had not obtained compassion, And I will say to those who were not My people, ‘You are My people!’ And they will say, ‘You are my God!’” Hebrews 8:10 “FOR THIS IS THE COVENANT THAT I WILL MAKE WITH THE HOUSE OF ISRAEL AFTER THOSE DAYS, SAYS THE LORD: I WILL PUT MY LAWS INTO THEIR MINDS, AND I WILL WRITE THEM ON THEIR HEARTS. AND I WILL BE THEIR GOD, AND THEY SHALL BE MY PEOPLE. George Bush - Leviticus Notes Critical and Practical - Leviticus 26 And I will walk among you. Chal. ‘I will cause my Shekinah to dwell among you.’ I will be familiarly conversant among you by the visible symbol of my presence, conducting your journeys in the wilderness, and abiding in the tabernacle and temple prepared for me. Leviticus 26:13 'I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt so that you would not be their slaves, and I broke the bars of your yoke and made you walk erect. Ex 20:2 Ps 81:6-10 1Co 6:19,20 I am (KJV): Lev 25:38,42,55 and I have (KJV): Ps 116:16 Isa 51:23 Jer 2:20 Eze 34:27 Leviticus 26 Commentaries - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt: 10x in Leviticus and >100x in the rest of the OT, God’s miraculous deliverance of Israel from Egyptian bondage is emphasized. So that - Always take note of this important term of purpose or result. You would not be their slaves, and I broke the bars of your yoke and made you walk erect - Walk erect instead of with the heavy burden of bondage. George Bush - Leviticus Notes Critical and Practical - Leviticus 26 And made you go upright. That is, set you free from bondage; brought you into that state of enlargement in which you are no more bowed down by the heavy burdens laid upon your backs, nor banging down your heads in despondency and woe. Leviticus 26:14 'But if you do not obey Me and do not carry out all these commandments, Lev 26:18 Dt 28:15-68 Jer 17:27 La 1:18 2:17 Mal 2:2 Ac 3:23 Heb 12:25 Leviticus 26 Commentaries - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries THE WAGES OF DISOBEDIENCE See Luke 21:22 ''days of (God's) vengeance, in order that all things which are written may be fulfilled.'' BUT IF YOU DO NOT OBEY ME: Punishment would follow “if you will not listen to Me and carry out all these commands.” Yet even punishment is intended to encourage rather than create despair. How? First, punishment serves as a reminder that God remains involved in His people’s lives even when we sin! If we did evil and prospered, we’d have proof that God has deserted us! Second, punishment shows that God is faithful to His word. The LORD promised to discipline Israel when they disobeyed. He would surely keep His word and bless them if they turned back to Him. (Pr 3:11,12, Heb 12:5,6, 11) Third, punishment makes people aware of their need for God. Only people aware of a need for the LORD are likely to turn to Him. AND DO NOT CARRY OUT ALL THESE COMMANDMENTS: The list of curses for covenant disobedience (Lev 26:14-39) is longer than that of blessings for obedience (Lev 26:3-13; see Dt 28:15-29:28; cf. Dt 28:1-14). George Bush - Leviticus Notes Critical and Practical - Leviticus 26 If ye will not hearken to me. Gr. εαν δε μη υπακουσητε μου, if ye will not obey me. This is one of the most frequent uses of the original word for ‘hear’ or ‘hearken.’ Chal. ‘If ye will not receive my word.’ So in v. 18. The subsequent history of the Jewish race affords the most conclusive evidence that these predictions were fulfilled with a fearful exactness. The limits of our annotations do not permit us to go into minute detail, but the volumes of Newton and Keith will present a man of proof on this score which will be found to be of intense interest, and such as the most determined skeptic will endeavor in vain to gainsay. Leviticus 26:15 if, instead, you reject My statutes, and if your soul abhors My ordinances so as not to carry out all My commandments, and so break My covenant, despise (KJV): Lev 26:43 Nu 15:31 2Sa 12:9,10 2Ki 17:15 2Ch 36:16 Pr 1:7,30 Jer 6:19 Zec 7:11-13 Ac 13:41 1Th 4:8 soul (KJV): Ps 50:17 Pr 5:12 Ro 8:7 break (KJV): Ge 17:14 Ex 19:5 24:7 De 31:16 Isa 24:5 Jer 11:10 31:32 Eze 16:59 Heb 8:9 Leviticus 26 Commentaries - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries LXE but disobey them, and your soul should loathe my judgments, so that ye should not keep all my commands, so as to break my covenant, CSB if you reject My statutes and despise My ordinances, and do not observe all My commands-- and break My covenant, ESV if you spurn my statutes, and if your soul abhors my rules, so that you will not do all my commandments, but break my covenant, GWN if you reject my laws and look at my rules with disgust, if you reject my promise by disobeying my commands KJV And if ye shall despise my statutes, or if your soul abhor my judgments, so that ye will not do all my commandments, but that ye break my covenant: NET if you reject my statutes and abhor my regulations so that you do not keep all my commandments and you break my covenant– NIV and if you reject my decrees and abhor my laws and fail to carry out all my commands and so violate my covenant, NLT and if you break my covenant by rejecting my decrees, treating my regulations with contempt, and refusing to obey my commands, YLT and if at My statutes ye kick, and if My judgments your soul loathe, so as not to do all My commands -- to your breaking My covenant -- THE LOATHING OF GOD'S WORD If (first of two "if's") - God introduces a conditional promise, but not a promise you are likely to find in those little books of God's promises! As history proves Israel fulfilled the conditions and received the promises in Lev 26:16! God keeps His Word -- whether it be to bless or to curse! You reject My statutes - The picture of the Hebrew verb reject is vivid for the ideas include casting off God's statutes, abhorring them, despising them and utterly rejecting them! This is exactly what came to pass over the next several centuries! Reject (also used in Lev 26:43, 44) (03988)(ma'as) means to despise, to treat as loathsome (that which is repulsive, detestable, causing disgust). In Hosea 4:6 we see that Israel rejected (ma'as) knowledge and thus God rejected them. In 1 Samuel 8:7 God told Samuel "they have not rejected you, but they have rejected Me from being king over them." To reject God's statutes it to reject His rule over our life and we do so to the detriment of our souls! We must continually remember that sin is costly and the wages ultimately are death! In an ironic twist Isaiah records that men will cast away (ma'as) their idols when they see how useless they are to help (Isa 31:6). If your soul abhors my ordinances - The idea is to loathe God's ordinances! Loathe means to find repugnant and speaks of a deep and emotional extreme dislike! Their soul speaks of their deepest innermost being and gives an incredible picture of how Israel would refuse to believe and obey God's Word of law, especially in light of Paul's characterization of that "the Law is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good." (Ro 7:12-note) Abhors (01602) see gaal So - term of conclusion. The conclusion of rejection and abhorrence of God's Word (statutes, ordinances) was that they would disobey not some but ALL of God's commandments! Look out when you begin to sin and refuse to confess, for sin is a very slippery slope and one sin tends to "give birth" to another sin! Do not be deceived beloved brethren. (cp James 1:14-16-note) So - term of conclusion. The result of Israel's disobedience was a breaking of the Mosaic Covenant, the "Ten Commandments," which they had been quick to say they would keep = “All the words which the LORD has spoken we will do!...All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient!” (Exodus 24:3, 7) My covenant - Not the Abrahamic (unconditional) covenant but the Mosaic (conditional) covenant. Leviticus 26:16 I, in turn, will do this to you: I will appoint over you a sudden terror, consumption and fever that will waste away the eyes and cause the soul to pine away; also, you will sow your seed uselessly, for your enemies will eat it up. appoint (KJV): Ps 109:6 over you (KJV): Heb. upon you terror (KJV): De 28:65-67 32:25 Job 15:20,21 18:11 20:25 Ps 73:19 Isa 7:2 Jer 15:8 20:4 Heb 10:31 consumption (KJV): Ex 15:26 De 28:21,22,35 consume (KJV): De 28:32,34,67 1Sa 2:33 Ps 78:33 Eze 33:10 Zec 14:12 and ye shall (KJV): De 28:33,51 Jud 6:3-6,11 Job 31:8 Isa 65:22-24 Jer 5:17 12:13 Mic 6:15 Hag 1:6 for your (KJV): Isa 10:4 Leviticus 26 Commentaries - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries GOD'S APPOINTMENT: SUDDEN TERROR! I in turn, will do this to you: I will appoint over you a sudden terror,: Sudden Terror [Jer 20:4 cp Lu 21:22] = Babylonian destruction of the holy city and the sanctuary. Wiersbe - “Sudden terror” means confusion of mind, the kind of terror you feel when you can’t control what’s going on. It is notable that the Hebrew noun for sudden terror (or dismay) is behalah (from bahal = to disturb, terrify) which translated in the Septuagint with the rare Greek noun aporia which means anxiety, dismay, a state of quandary or perplexity. Aporia in secular Greek writings depicted one as being at wit's end, at a loss how to proceed, without resources. Jesus used this word in Luke 21 to describe celestial signs and wonders that immediately precede the return of Christ. “There will be signs in sun and moon and stars, and on the earth dismay among nations, in perplexity (aporia - unable to grasp clearly why the roaring of the sea is happening) at the roaring of the sea and the waves (Lk 21.25) Consumption - Probably tuberculosis. Fever that will waste away the eyes and cause the soul to pine away; also, you will sow your seed uselessly, for your enemies will eat it up. (Jdg 6:3-6-note): Obedience produces a full and meaningful life. Conversely, disobedience produces an empty and meaningless existence. Breaking divine commands brings deserved divine condemnation. God desires a full and meaningful life for everyone (2 Peter 3:9-note) George Bush - Leviticus Notes Critical and Practical - Leviticus 26 I will even appoint over you terror, &c. Heb. חסקדחי עליכם kuphkadti atëksm, will visit upon you. At the same time, there is very good authority for interpreting the verb as is done in our translation, in the sense of setting over, constituting guardians of, investing with authority. The true force of the term in this form is to cause to preside over, and Ps. 109:6, affords a strikingly parallel example; ‘Set thou a wicked man over him (הפקד haphkëd), &c.’ The language thus construed is singularly bold and striking. Terror, consumption, and the burning ague are personified, and made the keepers of the disobedient and apostate Israelites. They haunt their steps wherever they go, and keep them continually under the influence of dismay, feeling indiscribable evils, and fearing worse. Leviticus 26:17 'I will set My face against you so that you will be struck down before your enemies; and those who hate you will rule over you, and you will flee when no one is pursuing you. set (KJV): Lev 17:10 20:5,6 Ps 68:1,2 ye shall be (KJV): De 28:25 Jud 2:14 1Sa 4:10 31:1 Ne 9:27-30 Ps 106:41,42 Jer 19:7 La 1:5 shall flee (KJV): Lev 26:36 Ps 53:5 Pr 28:1 Leviticus 26 Commentaries - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Wiersbe on God's face against Israel - God’s face would have “[shone] upon them” (Nu 6:22–27); but their disobedience made Him turn His face away from them (compare Lev. 26:17 with Pr 28:1). (Be Holy) I will set My face against you so that you will be struck down before your enemies - This describes military defeat. This idiom of God setting His face against someone is a horrible thought - see other uses - Lev 17:10, 20. 3, 5, 6. But praise God that Isaiah prophesies of a beneficial setting of His face writing in a Messianic prophecy "For the Lord GOD helps Me, Therefore, I am not disgraced; Therefore, I have set My face like flint, And I know that I shall not be ashamed." (Isaiah 50:7)
Levítico 26
Wiersbe comments that "The phrase “I will punish you seven times more,” repeated four times in these warnings (vv. 18, 21, 24, 28), means “a complete punishment,” since seven is the Hebrew number signifying completeness. Each period of chastisement would be full and complete, with nothing lacking; and the next period would be more severe than the previous one." (Be Holy) While I agree with Wiersbe, there is another way one might interpret the seven times greater punishment (see below). Punish (chasten) (03256)(yasar) means to chasten, chastise, admonish, discipline. Literally to chasten with blows or figuratively with words (instruct, correct, punish, reform, reprove). To punish, chasten or instruct in order to gain control or enforce obedience. The theological basis for discipline of Israel is grounded in the covenant relationship which Yahweh establishes with His people. It is a good thing to be disciplined by the Lord for as the psalmist says "Blessed is the man whom You chasten, O LORD, And whom You teach out of Your law." (Ps 94:12) Notice there that the discipline is not in a vacuum but is coupled with teaching, a good pattern! (cp similar pattern in Isa 28:26). God chastens individuals, Israel and the nations. The Septuagint translates yasar here with paideuo from país = child) refers primarily to the training or discipline of children to bring them to maturity by teaching, instructing, educating or nurturing and also by utilizing correction and punishment if necessary (which it usually is for children) as a part of the training process. In Lev 26:18 yasar is used in the after the time sensitive word "then I will punish you seven times more for your sins". If one interprets Lev 26:17 as 70 years in Babylon, Moses is saying that after the 70 years they still did not obey, they would receive seven times more, 7 x 70 years or 490 years, which is described in Da 9:24-note, Da 9:25-note, Da 9:26-note, Da 9:27-note (E.g., the Amplified Version of Da 9:24 has "Seventy weeks [of years, or 490 years] are decreed upon your people and upon your holy city [Jerusalem],"! Compare Daniel's Seventieth Week being the consummation of this prophetic warning to Israel as it terminates in the Great Tribulation, the term Jesus applied to the last 3.5 years of the Seventieth Week in Mt 24:15-note, Mt 24:21-note,Rev 7:14-note (See also chart on "Units of Seventy") Rushdoony - The word translated as punish in v. 18 is rendered by Wenham as, ?I shall disciple you.? Since the Hebrew yacar can mean teach as well as reprove or punish, this is an aspect of its meaning. God?s judgments are both privative and reformatory. Such judgments bring the godly back to their covenant Lord, whereas the ungodly become more insistently faithless (Amos 4:6, 8-11). God promises drought and crop failures, and the breaking of man?s pride for persistence in rebellion. Gods law here makes it clear that, in (G Campbell) Morgans words, "conditions of well-being are ever entirely dependent on obedience to the government of God. Again, In like manner the warnings show that disobedience will always be followed with calamity." (Commentaries on the Pentateuch: Leviticus. Vallecito, CA: Ross House Books) George Bush - Leviticus Notes Critical and Practical - Leviticus 26 Then will I punish you seven times more for your sins. A definite for an indefinite number, according to common usage. The import is plainly that of a great increase of their plagues. These, by reason of their continued provocations, were to became more and more aggravated from age to age, as history proves to have been the case. The words contain no allusion to a period of time, but simply to the degree of their punishment. Leviticus 26:19 'I will also break down your pride of power; I will also make your sky like iron and your earth like bronze. NETS Septuagint And I will smash the insolence of your arrogance, and I will make your sky iron and your earth like copper. NET I will break your strong pride and make your sky like iron and your land like bronze. GWN I will crush your arrogance. You will have no rain, and your land will be as hard as cement. NAB to break your haughty confidence. I will make the sky above you as hard as iron, and your soil as hard as bronze, NIV I will break down your stubborn pride and make the sky above you like iron and the ground beneath you like bronze. NJB I shall break your proud strength. I shall make the sky like iron for you, and your soil like bronze. will break (KJV): 1Sa 4:3,11 Isa 2:12 25:11 26:5 Jer 13:9 Eze 7:24 30:6 Da 4:37 Zep 3:11 make (KJV): Dt 28:23 1Ki 17:1 Jer 14:1-6 Lu 4:25 Leviticus 26 Commentaries - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries I will also break down your pride of power - Interesting thought -- pride has "power" but it is perverted, stubborn power which ultimately is power to destroy (Pr 29:23, Pr 18:12)! I will also make your sky like iron and your earth like bronze.: refers to a rainless sky and dried ground, is used only here and at [Dt 28:23], where the symbols of iron and bronze are reversed! Obviously they are figures of speech.
Levítico 26
Wiersbe - You would think that all this suffering would bring the nation to its knees in repentance, but they refused to repent. It will be that way in the end times when God sends judgment upon the whole world (Rev. 16:9, 11-note). George Bush - Leviticus Notes Critical and Practical - Leviticus 26 If ye walk contrary unto me. Heb. קרי keri, a term of doubtful import, as appears from the marginal reading of our version, ‘at all adventures with me;’ i. e. heedlessly, indifferently, reckless of consequences. This sense is adopted by the Hebrew writers, though the Gr. and the Chal. give that of ‘contrariety,’ and Gesenius and other lexicographers define it by ‘hostile encounter,’ or ‘going counter’ to any one. Leviticus 26:22 'I will let loose among you the beasts of the field, which will bereave you of your children and destroy your cattle and reduce your number so that your roads lie deserted. wild : Lev 26:6 De 32:24 2Ki 17:25 Jer 15:3 Eze 5:17 14:15,21 rob you (KJV): 2Ki 2:24 your high (KJV): Judges 5:6 2Ch 15:5 Isa 24:6 33:8 La 1:4 Eze 14:15 33:28 Mic 3:12 Zec 7:14 Leviticus 26 Commentaries - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries NET I will send the wild animals against you and they will bereave you of your children, annihilate your cattle, and diminish your population so that your roads will become deserted. NLT I will send wild animals that will rob you of your children and destroy your livestock. Your numbers will dwindle, and your roads will be deserted. A PLAGUE OF WILD BEASTS I will let loose - This plague comes directly from God, the animals being sent at His command. This plague is in striking contrast to the divine blessing for obedience described earlier... ‘I shall also grant peace in the land, so that you may lie down with no one making you tremble. I shall also eliminate harmful beasts from the land, and no sword will pass through your land. (Lev 26:6+) The seven fold increase of Lev 26:21 is a plague of wild animals. The Septuagint translates the Hebrew word for beasts (chayyah) with the two Greek words, the noun therion which literally means wild beasts (Mk 1:13) and the adjective agrios which means wild, savage, fierce ("wild waves" in Jude 1:13) And notice who their prey would be - your children and...your cattle...your number. This is a very frightening picture! Imagine if you were fearful of going outside, of letting your children play outside or of working out in the field. This would have been the antithesis of peace in the land described in Lev 26:6. Reduce your number so that your roads lie deserted - NET "diminish your population" Nelson's NKJV Study Bible - When the human population was far below today's levels, a sharp increase in the number of large predators would have been a serious threat to the people and their domestic animals. MacArthur on your roads lie deserted- The activity on a nation’s roadway, i.e., messengers, merchants, and people traveling, reflected the well-being of that country. This is a picture of extreme economic siege. (Study Bible) George Bush - Leviticus Notes Critical and Practical - Leviticus 26 I will send wild beasts among you, A reference to the following passages will show the literal fulfilment, in repeated instances, of this prediction: 1 Kings 13:24,—20:36. 2 Kings 2:24,—17:25, 26. Comp. Jer. 2:15,—4:7,—8:17,—15:3,—Ezek. 5:17. Your highways shall be desolate. For the truth of this see Jdg. 5:6, 2Chr 15:5, Is. 33:8. Leviticus 26:23 'And if by these things you are not turned to Me, but act with hostility against Me, NET "'If in spite of these things you do not allow yourselves to be disciplined and you walk in hostility against Me, ESV "And if by this discipline you are not turned to me but walk contrary to me, Isa 1:16-20 Jer 2:30 5:3 Eze 24:13,14 Am 4:6-12 Leviticus 26 Commentaries - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries DIVINE DISCIPLINE REJECTED And if by these things you are not turned to Me - (NET = "you do not allow yourselves to be disciplined") Clearly this phrase refers to the forbearance of the Yahweh, Who will discipline Israel like one disciplines a child in hope that they "get the message" (on the seat fo their pants, so to speak!) Turned to me is the verb yasar which means to be disciplined or chastised. Yasar is preceded by the negative particle picturing Israel like a stubborn, rebellious young boy who when caught in some mischief for which he is disciplined, promptly turns his back (or sticks out his tongue)! He refuses to be disciplined! That is a picture of the Chosen People as a nation! And even worse it is the picture of Israel as an unfaithful wife, for she was "married" to Yahweh in the covenant cut at Sinai and was thereafter to behave as the faithful wife of Jehovah (see discussion). Yasar is used 3 times in Leviticus 26 describing Divine Discipline on an Disobedient people. - Lev 26:18, 23, 28. See notes on Lev 26:18 But - A term of contrast. What a horrible contrast this describes. Not only did Israel not repent but they "doubled down" so to speak in their stubborn rebellion against Yahweh. What a frightening scenario. But isn't this the snare we all fall into when we are enticed by some sin and begin to "toy" with it, not realizing that before long we are ensnared and in bondage. And then when God sends discipline in an attempt to bring us to our senses, we resist and reject His "interference" with our "right" to live as we choose! God help us all!!! Amen Act with hostility against Me - (See discussion of act with hostility in Lev 26:21) NET = you walk in hostility against Me, ESV = "walk contrary to me" Hostility (07147)(qeri) is masculine noun indicating hostility, contrariness. It is used seven times all in Leviticus 26! In Lev. 26:21, 23, 24, 27, 40, 41 it is used with the Hebrew verb halak which means to walk (act) with hostility. In Lev 26:28 qeri is used with the noun ḥamāh which means wrath, heat or rage (a feeling of intense rage, hot-tempered, even translated once as venom - this helps envision the image God's anger depicted in Lev 26:28!) Gilbrant - The Hebrew noun qerî refers to a hostile encounter. It occurs seven times in the OT, all in Lev. 26. This word is derived from the verbal root qārāh , "to meet," "to encounter." Qerî always denotes a hostile meeting between the covenant participants, Yahweh and Israel. If Israel disobeyed the commandments set forth by Yahweh, thus instigating a hostile encounter (Lev. 26:21, 23, 27), Yahweh would return the hostility many times over (Lev. 26:24, 28). However, if Israel repented of their hostile and rebellious ways (Lev. 26:40), then Yahweh would relent in remembrance of his covenant promises (Lev. 26:41; cf. Lev. 26:42-46). (Complete Biblical Library Hebrew-English Dictionary) Leviticus 26:24 then I will act with hostility against you; and I, even I, will strike you seven times for your sins. 2 Sa 22:27 Job 9:4 Ps 18:26 Isa 63:10 Leviticus 26 Commentaries - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries THIRD INSTALLMENT OF SEVEN TIMES MORE PUNISHMENT Then - (See English definition) - always pause to ponder this expression of time. I will act with hostility (qeri) against you - (ESV - "I also will walk contrary to you") (See discussion of act with hostility in Lev 26:21) In Lev 26:21 and Lev 26:23 Israel is described as acting with hostility against Jehovah. Now the "tables are turned" and Jehovah, the Omnipotent, Almighty God, acts with hostility against the Chosen People. This is a horrible truth to even begin to contemplated! Seven times for your sins - See notes on Lev 26:18 George Bush - Leviticus Notes Critical and Practical - Leviticus 26 Will punish you yet seven times for your sins. With seven-fold greater severity. Leviticus 26:25 'I will also bring upon you a sword which will execute vengeance for the covenant; and when you gather together into your cities, I will send pestilence among you, so that you shall be delivered into enemy hands. will bring (KJV): De 32:25,41 Jdg 2:14-16 Ps 78:62-64 Isa 34:5,6 Jer 9:16 Jer 14:12,13 15:2-4 La 2:21 Eze 5:17 6:3 14:17 21:4-17 29:8 Eze 33:2 avenge (KJV): De 32:35 Ps 94:1 Eze 20:37 Heb 10:28-30 I will send (KJV): Nu 14:12 16:49 De 28:21 2Sa 24:15 Jer 14:12 24:10 29:17,18 Am 4:10 Lu 21:11 Leviticus 26 Commentaries - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries NETS Septuagint - And I will bring against you a dagger avenging the cause of the covenant, and you will flee for refuge to your cities. And I will send death among you, and you shall be delivered into enemy hands. I will also bring upon you a sword which will execute vengeance for the covenant: Note the repetition of the words "I WILL." God Himself would be instrumental in punishing faithless Israel. The sword of the invading enemy would drive all the Israelites into the walled cities, thinking that there they might be safe. Wrong! Vengeance (noun)(05359)(naqam from the verb form naqam = to avenge or take vengeance) is the act of taking revenge (harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done). It refers to punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong and can refer to punishment beyond what is physical. Note: See study of neqamah for comparison of the cognates = 2 nouns and verb Naqam is translated in the Septuagint in this verse with ekdikeo (ek = out or from + dike = right, justice; see cognates = ekdikesis and ekdikos) is literally that which proceeds from justice. The idea is to vindicate one's right or to do one justice. In Isaiah 61:2-note naqam is translated with the Greek noun antapodosis (from antí = in turn + apodídomi = render. cp related verb = antapodidomi = give back in return for something received) which describes the action of recompensing, repaying or rewarding and stresses the action of giving back an equivalent which depending on the context can be positive or negative "payback." In the case of Isa 61:2a the sense is negative and speaks of God's coming judgment on Israel. Naqam - 16x in 16v - all translated vengeance Leviticus 26:25 'I will also bring upon you a sword which will execute vengeance for the covenant; and when you gather together into your cities, I will send pestilence among you, so that you shall be delivered into enemy hands. Deuteronomy 32:35 'Vengeance is Mine, and retribution, In due time their foot will slip; For the day of their calamity is near, And the impending things are hastening upon them.' Comment: Source of Jonathan Edwards' famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"