Levítico 5
Warren Wiersbe · Citado em PreceptAustin
Levítico 5
Wiersbe - The trespass (guilt) offering illustrates the solemn fact that it is a very costly thing for people to commit sin and for God to cleanse sin. Our sins hurt God and hurt others. True repentance will always bring with it a desire for restitution. We will want to make things right with God and with those whom we’ve sinned against. Forgiveness comes only because of the death of an innocent substitute. The passage in Isaiah 53:10 states clearly that when Jesus died on the cross, God made His Son “a guilt offering” (NIV). The penalty we should have paid, He paid for us! Leviticus 5:15 "If a person acts unfaithfully and sins unintentionally against the LORD'S holy things, then he shall bring his guilt offering to the LORD: a ram without defect from the flock, according to your valuation in silver by shekels, in terms of the shekel of the sanctuary, for a guilt offering. person: Lev 5:1,2 4:2 in the: Lev 5:16 7:1,6 10:17,18 22:1-16 24:5-9 27:9-33 Nu 18:9-32 Dt 12:5-12,26 15:19,20 26:1-15 ram: Lev 5:18 6:6 Ezr 10:19 thy estimation: Lev 26:2-8,12,13,17,18,23-27 the shekel: Lev 27:25 Ex 30:13 Leviticus 5 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Leviticus 5:14 - 6:7 The Trespass Offering - S Lewis Johnson GUILT (TRESPASS) OFFERINGS UNINTENTIONAL SIN AGAINST HOLY THINGS (Cp Guilt Offering in Lev 6:1-7 for deliberate sin) KJV - If a soul commit a trespass, and sin through ignorance, in the holy things of the LORD; then he shall bring for his trespass unto the LORD a ram without blemish out of the flocks, with thy estimation by shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for a trespass offering. Young's Literal - 'When a person committeth a trespass, and hath sinned through ignorance against the holy things of Jehovah, then he hath brought in his guilt-offering to Jehovah, a ram, a perfect one, out of the flock, at thy valuation in silver -- shekels by the shekel of the sanctuary -- for a guilt-offering. ESV "If anyone commits a breach of faith and sins unintentionally in any of the holy things of the LORD, he shall bring to the LORD as his compensation (NAS calls this the "guilt offering"), a ram without blemish out of the flock, valued in silver shekels, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, for a guilt offering. NET "When a person commits a trespass and sins by straying unintentionally from the regulations about the Lord's holy things, then he must bring his penalty for guilt to the LORD, a flawless ram from the flock, convertible into silver shekels according to the standard of the sanctuary shekel, for a guilt offering. Deffinbaugh gives the following summary of the guilt offering: 1. Leviticus 5:14-16 The Guilt Offering is required for violating the Lord’s holy things. 2. Leviticus 5:17-19 The Guilt Offering is required when one sins without knowing it. 3. Leviticus 6:1-7 The Guilt Offering is required for extortion or robbery. 4. Leviticus 7:1-6 The details of the Guilt Offering. If...then - a conditional statement. Wenham points out that sin offering and guilt offering were distinct and different - Closer examination shows that the two sacrifices were quite distinct. The ritual was different. The sacrificial animals were different. The circumstances in which they were offered differed. The function of the reparation offering was not the same as that of the purification (sin) offering. In short, different names denote different sacrifices. Insofar as other sacrifices also had to do with the guilt of sin, there is much to be said for calling this "the reparation offering" or the "compensation offering" to bring out its precise function. Notice that in Lev 5:5-6 if a person is guilty he needs to bring a sin offering, but in Lev 5:15, if he is sins, he needs to bring a guilt offering! Acts (unfaithfully) (VERB) (04603)(maal means to act unfaithfully, to trespass, to violate one's duty, to break faith, to commit a violation, to act. in a manner which is untrustworthy or unreliable in relation to an agreement or relationship. It is often used in Hebrew together with the noun maal (04604 - described below), so literally it could be translated "trepasses a trespass." (NIV = "commits a violation") (following use both verb and noun forms of maal - Lev 5:15, 6:2, Nu 5:6, 27, Josh 22:20, 22:31) The idea of maal is that of a conscious act of treachery or unfaithfulness against the Lord. In fact in Ezek 39:23 and Da 9:7 maal describes the sin which resulted in Judah's exile to Babylon! They were unfaithful to their covenant with Yahweh. Maal describes the horrid sin of Achan (Josh 7:1) in which he took "the things that were under the ban." (Josh 6:18) Maal describes King Uzziah's prideful usurping of priestly authority and offering incense in the Temple in 2Chr 26:16-18. Maal is also used to refer to adultery (Nu 5:12, 27) and worshipping pagan deities (Nu 31:16; Ezek 20:27). In Dt 32:51 God says Moses "broke faith" (maal; Septuagint translates it with apeitheo = to disobey) and in so doing did not treat Him as holy, for which he was punished by not being allowed to enter the promised land! NET Note - The word maal refers to some kind of overstepping of the boundary between that which is common (i.e., available for common use by common people) and that which is holy (i.e., to be used only for holy purposes because it has been consecrated to the LORD). It is interesting that in Ezra 10:2, 10, Neh 13:27 maal is used to describe the Israelites as acting unfaithfully by marrying foreign (pagan) women. Israel was to be holy to the Lord and was in a sense married to Jehovah (See Jer 31:32 "My covenant which they broke, although I was a husband to them," declares the LORD.") To marry foreign women (who worshiped other gods) was a treacherous act, an unfaithful act. Believers today as the church are the "Bride of Christ." Should we not seek to be faithful to our Bridegroom Jesus? Is there an area of my life where I am sinning unintentionally against Him? We are under grace, but sin is still sin and is still an offense to the Holy One, Christ Jesus! Maal (verb) - 32v - translated in NAS - act(1), acted(2), acted treacherously(2), acting(1), acting treacherously(1), acting unfaithfully(1), acts(2), became...unfaithful(1), been(1), been unfaithful(5), broke faith(1), committed(6), committing unfaithfulness(1), err(1), perpetrated(1), unfaithful(3), unfaithfulness they committed(1), violated(1). Leviticus 5:15 "If a person acts unfaithfully and sins unintentionally against the LORD'S holy things, then he shall bring his guilt offering to the LORD: a ram without defect from the flock, according to your valuation in silver by shekels, in terms of the shekel of the sanctuary, for a guilt offering. Net Note on "acts unfaithfully" - Hebrew literally is 'trespasses a trespass' (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root, מַעַל, ma'al); cf. NIV 'commits a violation.' Leviticus 6:2 "When a person sins and acts unfaithfully against the LORD, and deceives his companion in regard to a deposit or a security entrusted to him, or through robbery, or if he has extorted from his companion, Net Note - Hebrew literally = 'trespasses a trespass' (verb and noun, the direct object from the same Hebrew root מַעַל, ma'al). Leviticus 26:40 'If they confess their iniquity and the iniquity of their forefathers, in their unfaithfulness which they committed against Me, and also in their acting with hostility against Me Numbers 5:6 "Speak to the sons of Israel, 'When a man or woman commits any of the sins of mankind, acting unfaithfully (uses the noun and the verb maal) against the LORD, and that person is guilty, Net Note - The verb is מַעַל (ma'al), which means to 'defraud, violate, trespass against,' or 'to deal treacherously, do an act of treachery.' In doing any sin that people do, the guilty have been unfaithful to the LORD, and therefore must bring him a sacrifice. Numbers 5:27 'When he has made her drink the water, then it shall come about, if she has defiled herself and has been unfaithful to her husband, that the water which brings a curse will go into her and cause bitterness, and her abdomen will swell and her thigh will waste away, and the woman will become a curse among her people. Deuteronomy 32:51 because you (Moses) broke faith with Me in the midst of the sons of Israel at the waters of Meribah-kadesh, in the wilderness of Zin, because you did not treat Me as holy in the midst of the sons of Israel. Joshua 7:1 But the sons of Israel acted unfaithfully in regard to the things under the ban, for Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, from the tribe of Judah, took some of the things under the ban, therefore the anger of the LORD burned against the sons of Israel. (see 1Chr 2:7 below) Joshua 22:16 "Thus says the whole congregation of the LORD, 'What is this unfaithful act (maal - noun - 04604) which you have committed against the God of Israel, turning away from following the LORD this day, by building yourselves an altar, to rebel against the LORD this day? 20 'Did not Achan the son of Zerah act unfaithfully in the things under the ban, and wrath fall on all the congregation of Israel? And that man did not perish alone in his iniquity.'" 31 And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said to the sons of Reuben and to the sons of Gad and to the sons of Manasseh, "Today we know that the LORD is in our midst, because you have not committed (maal - verb) this unfaithful act (maal - noun - 04604) against the LORD; now you have delivered the sons of Israel from the hand of the LORD." 1 Chronicles 2:7ESV The son of Carmi: Achan, the troubler of Israel, who broke faith (Lxx = atheteo = to reject something as invalid, to ignore - this is exactly what Achan did - he ignored the ban) in the matter of the devoted thing; 1 Chronicles 5:25 But they acted treacherously (Lxx = atheteo = rejected as invalid, ignored) against the God of their fathers and played the harlot after the gods of the peoples of the land, whom God had destroyed before them. 1 Chronicles 10:13 So Saul died for his trespass (maal - noun - 04604) which he committed (maal) against the LORD, because of the word of the LORD which he did not keep; and also because he asked counsel of a medium, making inquiry of it, Note - Hebrew reads "and Saul died because of his unfaithfulness by which he acted unfaithfully against the LORD, concerning the word of the LORD which he did not keep, also to Saul, a ritual pit to seek." 2 Chronicles 12:2 And it came about in King Rehoboam's fifth year, because they had been unfaithful to the LORD, that Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem 2 Chronicles 26:16 But when he (the sad saga of King Uzziah) became strong, his heart was so proud that he acted corruptly (Heb literally = "His heart was high to destroy"), and he was unfaithful to the LORD his God, for he entered the temple of the LORD to burn incense on the altar of incense. (Note the root of unfaithful here is pride) 18 They opposed Uzziah the king and said to him, "It is not for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to the LORD, but for the priests, the sons of Aaron who are consecrated to burn incense. Get out of the sanctuary, for you have been unfaithful and will have no honor from the LORD God." 2 Chronicles 28:22 Now in the time of his distress this same King Ahaz became yet more unfaithful to the LORD. 2 Chronicles 29:6 "For our fathers have been unfaithful (Lxx uses aphistemi = to forsake, to depart from, to apostatize, to fall away from) and have done evil in the sight of the LORD our God, and have forsaken Him and turned their faces away from the dwelling place of the LORD, and have turned their backs. 2 Chronicles 30:7 "Do not be like your fathers and your brothers, who were unfaithful (Lxx uses aphistemi = to forsake, to depart from, to apostatize, to fall away from) to the LORD God of their fathers, so that He made them a horror, as you see. Ezra 10:2 Shecaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the sons of Elam, said to Ezra, "We have been unfaithful to our God and have married foreign women from the peoples of the land; yet now there is hope for Israel in spite of this. 10 Then Ezra the priest stood up and said to them, "You have been unfaithful and have married foreign wives adding to the guilt of Israel. Nehemiah 1:8 "Remember the word which You commanded Your servant Moses, saying, 'If you are unfaithful I will scatter you among the peoples; (See this prophecy in Lev 26:33, Dt 4:25-27, Dt 28:64, 1Ki 9:6-7) Nehemiah 13:27 "Do we then hear about you that you have committed all this great evil by acting unfaithfully against our God by marrying foreign women?" Proverbs 16:10 A divine decision is in the lips of the king; His mouth should not err (Lxx = planao) in judgment. Ezekiel 14:13 "Son of man, if a country sins against Me by committing unfaithfulness (translated in Lxx with 2 words = parapipto = turns away and paraptoma = deviates from living according to what God has revealed is the right/righteous way to live!), and I stretch out My hand against it, destroy its supply of bread, send famine against it and cut off from it both man and beast, Note: This is a frightening verse for the United States of America! Our great nation has gone to great lengths to minimize the influence of God, whether it be in Christmas displays, prayers before sporting events, abortion, marriage, and the list sadly goes on! The question we must each ask ourselves is "Has America sinned against God by committing unfaithfulness?" And they we need to continually PRAY FOR REVIVAL! Ezekiel 15:8 'Thus I will make the land desolate, because they have acted unfaithfully (translated in Lxx with 2 words = parapipto = turns away and paraptoma = deviates from living according to what God has revealed is the right/righteous way to live!),'" declares the Lord GOD. Ezekiel 17:20 "I will spread My net over him, and he will be caught in My snare. Then I will bring him to Babylon and enter into judgment with him there regarding the unfaithful act (noun form - 04604 - maal) which he has committed (verb maal) against Me. Ezekiel 18:24 "But when a righteous man turns away from his righteousness, commits iniquity and does according to all the abominations that a wicked man does, will he live? All his righteous deeds which he has done will not be remembered for his treachery noun form - 04604 - maal) which he has committed (verb form - maal) and his sin which he has committed; for them he will die. Ezekiel 20:27 "Therefore, son of man, speak to the house of Israel and say to them, 'Thus says the Lord GOD, "Yet in this your fathers have blasphemed Me by acting treacherously against Me. Ezekiel 39:23 "The nations will know that the house of Israel went into exile for their iniquity because they acted treacherously against Me, and I hid My face from them; so I gave them into the hand of their adversaries, and all of them fell by the sword. 26 "They will forget their disgrace and all their treachery (noun form - 04604 - maal) which they perpetrated (verb form of maal) against Me, when they live securely on their own land with no one to make them afraid. Daniel 9:7 "Righteousness belongs to You, O Lord, but to us open shame, as it is this day-- to the men of Judah, the inhabitants of Jerusalem and all Israel, those who are nearby and those who are far away in all the countries to which You have driven them, because of their unfaithful deeds which they have committed against You. Unfaithfully (NOUN) (04604)(maal from the verb maal [04603] = to act unfaithfully) is a masculine noun which describes an unfaithful act, a trespass or a treacherous act. Merrill on maal (both the verb and the noun forms) - It is a word that denotes a breach of faith in regard to a revealed command. The person has acted unfaithfully by violating the boundary between the common and the holy. Here in Lev. 5:15 the exact nature of the violation in regard to the holy things is not specified. It may refer to the eating of holy food, the failure to fulfill a dedicatory vow, or the failure to present the full and proper tithe. In each of these violations a compensation would be possible. It is specifically to just such sins-those for which restoration is possible-that the guilt offering is applicable. In other places this term is used of a wide variety of serious sins such as adultery (Nu 5:12, 27), worshiping pagan gods (Nu 31:16; Ezek. 20:27), Achan's sin of taking the dedicated booty (Josh. 7:1), Uzziah's sin of offering incense in the temple (2Chr 26:16, 18), and marrying foreigners (Ezra 10:2, 10). Maal "is an act committed by a person who knows better but who, for selfish motives, acts in bad faith. The story of Achan (who took things devoted to God - Josh 6:18) bears out the attitude of treachery (Josh 7:1). Joshua challenged Israel not to follow the example of Achan: 'Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit [maal] a trespass [maal] in the accursed thing, and wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel?' (Josh. 22:20)." (Vine) Rooker adds - The root maal suggests acting unfaithfully or treacherously, violating one's obligations in either the judicial or religious sphere. Most often the root is used to designate the violation of religious law as a conscious act of treachery against God, who would be the offended party. The idea is that an act of defection from covenantal allegiance had been committed. Rainey summarizes the function of the guilt offering and explains why this specific offering was also to be presented in the otherwise enigmatic case regarding the cleansing of the leper "The guilt offering was a specialized kind of sin offering (cf Lev 5:7) required in cases when someone had been denied his rightful due; reparation of the valued amount defrauded was required plus a fine of twenty percent (Lev 5:6; 6:5).…As with the sin offering, the animal went to the priest as food (Lev 7:6, 7; 14:13). The guilt offering was commanded in instances when another party had suffered some deprivation. The case of the leper can be assigned to this category in that the Lord was deprived of the service due from the infected person so long as his disease kept him outside the pale of the ritually clean society (Lev 14:12–18)." Lxx translates maal in Lev 5:15 with the phrase lathe auton lethe which the NETS-Lxx translates into English "If a soul forgets obliviously and sins unintentionally (maal - 4603)." The verb translated forgets is lanthano which can mean to fail to remain aware of the significance of something (to lose sight of, to ignore). Isn't that what we all do when we commit sin (unholiness) against Jehovah, the Holy One of Israel? We have "transient amnesia" as it were, conveniently choosing "my way" (or the highway!), not His way, the highway of holiness! The word translated "obliviously" is the noun lethe which literally means to "receive forgetfulness of something," and simply amplifies the picture of our "transient (albeit still inexcusable) amnesia!" Lev 5:15 is the first use of maal in Scripture and obviously describes unfaithfulness to Jehovah as does Lev 6:2. Note that in both cases there is a descriptive definition of unfaithfulness as sin against Jehovah or His holy things. The third use in Nu 5:6 describes unfaithfulness of Unfaithful (Webster's definition) - not adhering to vows, allegiance, or duty : disloyal; not faithful to marriage vows. Not observant of promises, vows, allegiance or duty; violating trust or confidence; treacherous; perfidious; as an unfaithful subject; an unfaithful husband or wife; an unfaithful servant; an unfaithful bailee or agent. Treacherously (Webster's definition) - The adjective treacherous refers to Violating allegiance or faith pledged; faithless; traitorous to the state or sovereign; perfidious in private life; betraying a trust. A man may be treacherous to his country, or treacherous to his friend, by violating his engagements or his faith pledged. The adverb treacherously = By violating allegiance or faith pledged; by betraying a trust; faithlessly; perfidiously; as, to surrender a fort to an enemy treacherously; to disclose a secret treacherously. Maal (noun) is translated in NAS as falsehood(1), treachery(2), trespass(1), trespass*(1), unfaithful(3), unfaithful act(4), unfaithful deeds(1), unfaithfully(6), unfaithfulness(6), very unfaithful(1). Maal - 26v - Lev 5:15; 6:2; Nu 5:6, 12, 27; 31:16; Josh 7:1; 22:16, 20, 22, 31; 1Chr 9:1; 10:13; 2 Chr 28:19; 29:19; 33:19; 36:14; Ezra 9:2, 4; 10:6; Job 21:34; Ezek 15:8; 17:20; 18:24; 39:26; Da 9:7 Nu 5:6 'Speak to the sons of Israel, ‘When a man or woman commits any of the sins of mankind, acting unfaithfully against the LORD, and that person is guilty, Nu 5:12 'Speak to the sons of Israel, and say to them, ‘If any man's wife goes astray (Heb = salah = turn aside; Lxx = parabaino = turns aside, offends, oversteps, transgresses) and is unfaithful (Lxx = huperorao = to disregard as not worthy of one's notice, to indulgently take no notice of, to overlook, to not attend) to him, Nu 31:16 'Behold, these (Who are these? See context - Nu 31:15 - MEN, listen up! Walk by the Spirit - Gal 5:16-note or else you are an "open target!") caused the sons of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to trespass (Lxx = aphistemi - to cause someone to move from a "reference point," in this case from loyalty or faithfulness to Jehovah) against the LORD in the matter of Peor (cf Nu 25:1-5) so the plague was among the congregation of the LORD. Ezra 9:4 Then everyone who trembled at the words of the God of Israel on account of the unfaithfulness (Lxx = asunethesia = transgression, faithlessness) of the exiles gathered to me, and I sat appalled until the evening offering. Da 9:7 'Righteousness belongs to Thee, O Lord, but to us open shame, as it is this day–to the men of Judah, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and all Israel, those who are nearby and those who are far away in all the countries to which Thou hast driven them, because of their unfaithful deeds which they have committed against Thee. Comment: Israel's unfaithful deeds resulted in God's judgment of exile from their homeland. Sins (verb) (02398)(chata') means "misses the mark" of God's standard of righteousness! The Hebrew noun qodesh (see word study) translates "holy things" and "sanctuary." Against the LORD's holy things (the LORD'S sacred property) - The nature of "holy things" is not absolutely clear.
Levítico 5
Wiersbe explains that the "priest valued the ram to make sure of its worth, lest the offender try to atone for his or her sins by giving the Lord something cheap." Shekel of the sanctuary - "The sanctuary shekel was about 10 grams (= ca. two fifths of an ounce." (NET Note) Warren Wiersbe sums up the significance of the offerings - The trespass offering illustrates the solemn fact that it is a very costly thing for people to commit sin and for God to cleanse sin. Our sins hurt God and hurt others. True repentance will always bring with it a desire for restitution. We will want to make things right with God and with those whom we’ve sinned against. Forgiveness comes only because of the death of an innocent substitute. The passage in Isaiah 53:10 states clearly that when Jesus died on the cross, God made His Son “a guilt offering” (NIV). The penalty we should have paid, He paid for us! We haven’t been able to probe into the details of these offerings; but what we have studied should make us realize the awfulness of sin, the seriousness of confession and restitution, the graciousness of God in forgiving those who trust Jesus Christ, and the marvelous love of our Savior in His willingness to die for undeserving people like us. Jesus provides all that we need. He is our burnt offering, and we must yield ourselves wholly to Him. He is our meal offering, the seed crushed and put through the fire, that we might have the bread of life; and we must feed upon Him. He is our drink offering who poured Himself out in sacrifice and service, and we must pour ourselves out for Him and for others. He is our fellowship offering, making life a joyful feast instead of a painful famine. He is our sin offering and our guilt offering, for He bore our sins on His body (1Peter 2:24-note) and paid the full price for our sins (1Pe 1:18–19-note). The nation of Israel had to offer six different sacrifices in order to have a right relationship with God, but Jesus Christ “offered one sacrifice for sins forever” (Heb 10:12-note) and took care of our sin problem completely. Do you believe that Jesus Christ died for all your sins and paid your full debt? Can you say with Mary, “My soul magnifies the Lord, and my spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior”? (Luke 1:46–47NKJV) If not, then trust Him today; if you have trusted Him, share the good news with others. TODAY IN THE WORD - Leviticus 5:14–6:7 Worship and the Definition of Sin - At the end of the second century, Jewish oral traditions were codified and written down in the Mishnah. Before this time, it was the task of the rabbis to interpret the traditions. As a result, there was a constant dueling over interpretations between rabbis and the schools of thought they represented. Jesus was often put in the middle of these theological squabbles. One teacher of the law came to Him to ask which of the commandments was most important. Jesus answered that there were two: love God and love your neighbor. These are the totality of what God requires of us. Notice that according to Jesus, and to our passage today from Leviticus, all sin is offense against God. To be sure, some sins are aimed more explicitly at God, such as the misuse of "the Lord's holy things" (5:15). This presumably means the sacrifices themselves. Both bringing blemished animals and neglecting to bring clean animals when they were required were obvious acts of sin for which payment must be made in the form of a guilt offering. But sin is not merely the overt things we do to defraud God or dishonor Him. It is also sin against God to mistreat one's neighbor and to neglect practices of honesty and justice in our relationships. In this way, sin eludes the kind of neat compartmentalization that we might like to use. Our behavior toward our neighbor is a just measure of our spiritual faithfulness, and deception and dishonesty are ways we fail to love God Himself. Righteousness is horizontal with our neighbor as much as it is vertical with God. Confession and restitution: these are practices still relevant and important today, grounding us in the reality that we are sinners and need to humbly seek to repair the damage our sin has caused. Apply the Word - Jesus taught that public worship was an invitation to make right our human relationships (cf. Matthew 6:12, 14-15-note). Before you next attend church, consider where your relationships have suffered. Where have you held grudges or cast judgments or clung to jealousies? Confess these to God and the person you've offended, seeking reconciliation. TODAY IN THE WORD (Leviticus 5:14-6:7) - Alexander Pope was one of the leading essayists, poets, and satirical writers of eighteenth-century England. Though he suffered from a disease that affected his spine, hunched him over, and caused him much suffering, he wrote voluminously and did landmark translations into English of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. In his famous work, An Essay on Criticism, he penned a line that has become an everyday proverb: 'Good nature and good sense must ever join; To err is human, to forgive, divine.' Indeed, the fact that humans sin and God forgives seems to sum up the entire Old Testament sacrificial system! The guilt offering, the last of the five major types of sacrifices, was a mandatory sacrifice for specific sins, ones that might involve personal injury or loss. Sometimes called the trespass offering, it was also made when religious duties were disrespectfully neglected, or when 'holy things' were mishandled (Lev 5:15). As with other offerings, the guilt offering indicated a repentant heart and brought the worshiper forgiveness and renewed fellowship with God (Lev 6:7). The main distinctive of the guilt offering was the requirement to make restitution. When a person had, for example, stolen, cheated, or extorted goods or money, he had to return the money plus 20 percent. The sinner was to sacrifice a ram whose value reflected the seriousness of his crime. That same day, he was to make this restitution, thereby getting right with God and his fellow Israelite at the same time (cf. Matt. 5:23–24). If the sin was committed in the area of worship (for example, withholding tithes), restitution was also required, since this was regarded as robbing the Lord. There's a difference between the sin and guilt offerings: the guilt offering seemed to cover more grave or malicious offenses and more defiant or disobedient attitudes. Since the sin was more serious, repentance was also more serious and needed to be demonstrated through making reparations. TODAY ALONG THE WAY - Learning about the Old Testament's sin and guilt offerings has hopefully impressed on us the need to confess and repent whenever we do wrong. We cannot afford to take sin lightly. Norman Geisler - Was the sacrifice to be brought to the priest or to the Lord? PROBLEM: Leviticus 5:15 instructs that one 'bring to the Lord an offering.' But a few verses later it says to 'bring it to the priest' (Lev 5:18). SOLUTION: It was brought to the priest to be offered to the Lord. In Israel, the priests were the representatives of the people to God, as prophets were God's representatives to the people. (When critics ask : a popular handbook on Bible difficulties) Deffinbaugh - Guilt has two distinct aspects: legal and emotional. Legal guilt is the outcome of a legal or a moral violation. If a break the law or a moral code, I am “guilty” of breaking it. Put another way, the breaking of law or code imparts guilt to the law breaker. Emotional guilt is the outcome of the conscience that God has given us. It is the spiritual organ that causes us to feel pain when we do wrong. Rightly tuned, it is a good thing to have. As Hebrews 5:14 says, “But solid food is for the mature, who because of practice have their senses trained to discern good and evil.” Legal and emotional guilt may be paired in any one of four ways: 1. No legal guilt with no guilt feelings. This, of course, is where we would like to be all the time. I have neither broken a law nor do have any sense of conviction. 2. No legal guilt with guilt feelings. This can come about by a misunderstanding of the intent of a law, or it can be a sign of an overly sensitive conscience. A girl, raised with the teaching that make-up is of the devil, who tries a little blush, may feel guilty. 3. Legal guilt with no guilt feelings. On the good side, this comes from convicting an innocent person. On the serious side, this comes from the reprobate who feels bad for being caught in his or her law breaking, but has no sense of wrongdoing. As Proverbs 30:20 says, “This is the way of an adulterous woman: She eats and wipes her mouth, and says, ‘I have done no wrong.’” 4. Legal guilt with guilt feelings. Not the best place to be but it certainly presents cause for hope. It’s the stuff from which repentance comes. The story of Stephen in the Book of Acts gives us an example of wrong legal guilt for which the legally guilty person has no guilt feelings. Stephen was brought before the Sanhedrin, for being one of Jesus’ followers. They found him guilty of blasphemy and stoned him. Stephen was legally guilty as far as the Jewish criminal justice system was concerned. He had incurred a legal debt that demanded his death. From the standpoint of a higher truth, however, he was not guilty, and in fact, his conscience was not inflamed at all. The men who stoned Stephen took Stephen’s clothes and placed them at the feet of a man named Saul. Saul did not feel guilty either; in fact, Scripture says he approved of the stoning of Stephen. Saul was quite innocent before the Sanhedrin, yet he was morally guilty before a higher Truth. It’s clear that guilt is a complex subject that affects all of us. We are, of course, in the best of situations when code and conscience, at the level of highest truth, are in agreement. Note again Hebrews 5:14” But solid food is for the mature, who because of practice have their senses trained to discern good and evil.” A proper functioning conscience is a mark of maturity. Guilt is universal. We have all felt guilty and have been guilty. If we examine the philosophies of the world, we find that, whereas many of them do not recognize the biblical concept of sin, they will invariably recognize the concept of guilt and try to deal with it. This includes not only many religions but also the fields of psychology and psychiatry. This demonstrates the degree to which guilt and guilt feelings trouble the human race. Some religious groups stir up guilt as a means of control. They seek to expand the scope of guilt. Conversely, Humanistic philosophies try to narrow the scope of guilt. They do not affirm valid guilt except in regard to violating the space, privacy, or short-term welfare of another person. Psychiatry often takes the blame-shifting approach to guilt feelings. The comedian Anna Russell wrote a poem that pokes fun at this. I went to my psychiatrist to be psychoanalyzed To find out why I killed the cat and blacked my husband’s eyes. He laid me on a downy couch to see what he could find And here’s what he dredged up from my subconscious mind. When I was one my mommy hid my dolly in a trunk And so it follows naturally that I am always drunk. And when I was two I saw my father kiss the maid one day And that is why I suffer now from kleptomaniae. At three I had the feeling of ambivalence toward my brothers And so it follows naturally I poison all my lovers. But I am happy now I’ve learned a lesson this has taught That everything I do that’s wrong is someone else’s fault. Although true Christianity offers a solution to guilt, there is a caricature of Christianity that portrays it as a producer of guilt feelings instead. This has led some to attack Christianity as being harmful to good mental health, as the following quote from The Humanist magazine demonstrates. The article it comes from is called “The Fundamentalist Anonymous Movement.” - "At long last, the best kept secret in America is being revealed to the public: the fundamentalist experience can be a serious mental health hazard to perhaps millions of people. … At this time, more than ten thousand people, hardly a significant number compared to the population from which it claims to come, have called or written us. Even though they come from all fifty states and constitute a cross-section of American society, there is a common list of complaints that we hear again and again: years of overwhelming guilt, fear, and anxiety after leaving the fundamentalist fold, loneliness, chronic depression, low self-esteem, years in therapy, and sometimes even attempts at suicide." They are saying that fundamentalists are really pouring on the guilt. Although there are some religious groups, Christian and otherwise, that use guilt to manipulate their members, we still have to realize that guilt feelings are God-given, just like our emotions of fear and anger. All emotions, however, have been warped by sin. Just as there are those who develop sinful anger patterns or are too fearful, there are those who have destructive guilt. Then again, there are others who do not feel guilty enough. What seems clear is that a proper balance must be the goal to which we strive for our mental, emotional, and spiritual health. Leviticus 5:16 "He shall make restitution for that which he has sinned against the holy thing, and shall add to it a fifth part of it and give it to the priest. The priest shall then make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and it will be forgiven him. make: Lev 22:14 Ex 22:1,3,4 Ps 69:4 Lk 19:8 Ac 26:20 the fifth: Lev 6:4,5 27:13,15,27,31 Nu 5:7 and the priest: Lev 5:6,10,13 4:26 Heb 9:13,14 1Jn 2:1,2 Leviticus 5 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries RESTITUTION AND FORGIVENESS See discussion of the fulfillment of this Old Testament shadow in the Messiah rendering Himself (literally "His soul") as a guilt offering in commentary notes on Isaiah 53:10. Criswell - Restitution for oversight regarding the "holy things of the Lord" (Lev 5:15; tithes, offerings, firstfruits, sacrifices, etc.) was reckoned according to the priest's estimate of the value of the trespass, plus one-fifth. The same principle of restitution applied regarding reparation for sins against one's neighbor (cf. Lev 6:2-7; Nu 5:7). Guzik on shall make restitution - When holy things had been desecrated in some way, a mere sin offering was not enough. Restitution was also required, paying back what was lost plus 20% (he shall add one-fifth to it). 'If one has been unfaithful in the holy things of Jehovah it is not enough that one should confess and bring a sin-offering. Restitution must be made for the wrong done; it must be put right. There was something due to God that was not rendered in it's season, and things will not be right until it is rendered.' (Coates) Holman Bible Dictionary on Restitution - The act of returning what has wrongfully been taken or replacing what has been lost or damaged and the Divine restoration of all things to their original order. Human Restitution The Law required “trespass offerings” to be made for sins against a neighbor (theft, deception, dishonesty, extortion, keeping lost property, or damaging property). Such crimes involved “unfaithfulness” towards God and disrupted fellowship and peace among the people. They were to be atoned for by a guilt offering to God, and “restitution” to the wronged neighbor. Atonement and forgiveness of the sin were received afterrestitution had been made to the victim. The sin offering to God always followed the act of restitution. Old Testament law established a principle of “punishment to fit the crime” (life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, wound for wound). Restitution was consistent with this concept of equity. The stolen property was to be returned, or “full” compensation was to be made. The guidelines for making complete restitution also included a provision for punitive damages (up to five times what had been lost), justice that moved beyond “an eye for an eye.” Provisions were made for complications in this process (Exodus 22:3 ). The act of making restitution to a victim was so closely identified with the atoning sacrifice made to God, that the two expressions could be seen as elements of the same command. Neither could stand alone. Specific examples of this law in operation are not found, but the principle in action is found (1 Kings 20:34; 2 Kings 8:6; Nehemiah 5:10-12 ). There is no legal or ritual application of this command in the New Testament; however, the principle of restitution is clearly pictured in the story of Zacchaeus (Luke 19:1-10 ). Jesus implicitly validated the practice when he admonished followers to “be reconciled” to a brother before offering a gift to God (Matthew 5:23-24 ). Divine Restitution The New Testament word is found only once (Acts 3:21 ) and can be translated “restoration.” It describes the future work of God that will reestablish all “things” to their pristine order and purpose. The implication here is not the restoration of persons, but of the created order, that is, the universal renewal of the earth. This divine restoration will accompany the return and triumph of Christ (1 Corinthians 15:25-28 ). (See longer article on restitution in McClintock and in Hastings) Dear NT believer, restitution is not just an OT concept, which begs the question "Is there any one in your life to whom you need to make restitution?" Maybe it is even as simple as having borrowed something from them but which has never been returned! Make restitution (07999)(shalam) is a verb that means to be complete, to be safe, to be sound, to repay, to reward. The Lxx of Lev 5:16 is translated with apotino which was a legal term in ancient Greece which described damages to be paid. To make compensation or pay someone back is the idea. The first use of shalam in Scripture is found in Ge 44:4 and is used figuratively - "Why have you repaid (Septuagint - Lxx = antapodidomi) evil for good?" The next 14 uses are in Exodus 21-22 and all 4 uses in Leviticus (see below) deal with restitution and most are translated in the Septuagint with the verb apotino which means to repay (only NT use Philemon 1:9). In Isa 60:20 God says "your mourning will be over (shalam)" which refers to heaven when He will wipe away every tear (Rev 21:4). In one of my favorite verses (specifically spoken to Israel, but applicable to saints in principle) God says " 'Then I will make up (Lxx = antapodidomi) to you for the years That the swarming locust has eaten, The creeping locust, the stripping locust, and the gnawing locust, My great army which I sent among you." (Joel 2:25) In Dt 32:42 God says "I will repay (Lxx = antapodidomi) those who hate Me!" Even the pagan king Adoni-bezek said that "God has repaid me" for the evil he had perpetrated. (Jdg 1:7, cp prayer in 2Sa 3:39) In Ps 30:24 Jehovah "recompenses (Lxx = antapodidomi) the proud doer." In fact, several times God says in essence "I will repay evil" (Pr 20:22, Isa 59:18, Isa 66:6, Jer 16:18). When Nathan told David about the man who took another's lamb, David declared "He must make restitution (Lxx - apotino) for the lamb four-fold" not realizing that he (David) was the man! (2Sa 12:6) In Jeremiah we see a radical contrast where God "shows lovingkindness to thousands, but repays the iniquity of fathers into the bosom of their children after them, O great and mighty God. The LORD of hosts is His name." (Jeremiah 32:18) And even Babylon, the instrument He used to discipline Judah, God would "repay (Lxx = antapodidomi) her according to her (evil) work." (Jer 50:29, 51:6, 51:24, 51:56) Boaz prays for Ruth "May Yahweh reward (Lxx = apotino) your work." (Ru 2:12, cp similar prayer 1Sa 24:19) In 1Ki 7:51 shalam refers to the completion (Lxx - anapleroo - literally fill up, here making complete) of the LORD's Temple (cp 1Ki 9:25, 2Chr 5:1 "he finished the house.") In a similar use, "the wall was completed (Lxx - teleo - finished, brought to an end)" in Neh 6:15. Several passages refer to a man repaying his vows to God (Ps 22:25, 50:14, 61:8, Jonah 2:9, Nah 1:15) Ps 62:12 should get our attention, for there we learn God "will render (Lxx - apodidomi) to a man according to his work." (cp Pr 13:13, 21, 19:17, 25:22) Restitution (English definition) - The act of returning or restoring to a person some thing or right of which he has been unjustly deprived; as the restitution of ancient rights to the crown. Spenser. Restitution is made by restoring a specific thing taken away or lost. 2. The act of making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss, damage or injury; indemnification. TWOT - The general meaning behind the root s-l-m is of completion and fulfillment--of entering into a state of wholeness and unity, a restored relationship. Vine - The Hebrew root denotes perfection in the sense that a condition or action is 'complete.' This concept emerges when a concrete object is described. When sufficient building materials were at hand and workmen had enough time to apply them, 'the wall [of Jerusalem] was finished' at the time of Nehemiah (Neh. 6:15). Baker - The primary meaning is to be safe or uninjured in mind or body (Job 8:6; 9:4). This word is normally used when God is keeping His people safe. In its simple form, this verb also means to be completed or to be finished. This could refer to something concrete such as a building (1Ki 7:51); or things more abstract, such as plans (Job 23:14). Other meanings of this verb include to be at peace with another person (Ps. 7:4); to make a treaty of peace (Josh. 11:19; Job 5:23); to pay, to give a reward (Ps. 62:12[13]); to restore, repay, or make retribution (Ex. 21:36; Ps. 37:21). (Complete Word Study Dictionary: Old Testament) Swanson - 1. (qal) be finished, be completed (1Ki 7:51; 2Chr 5:1; 8:16; Ne 6:15; Isa 60:20); (piel) fulfill, complete (1Ki 9:25); (pual) be fulfilled (Ps 65:1); (hif) cause to fulfill, finish, bring to an end (Job 23:14; Isa 38:12, 13; 44:26, 28), 2. (qal) remain sound, remain healthy, be unscathed, not be harmed (Job 9:4); 3. (piel) restore, i.e., bring to a previous, preferable state (Job 8:6); 4. (piel) repay, make restitution, i.e., receive compensation of money or goods for a loss (Ex 21:34); 5. (piel) give recompense, i.e., mete out a just penalty or reward (1Sa 24:19; Jer 32:18) Shalam - 94v in the NAS - translated in NAS - completed(1), finished(3), fulfill(1), fully repay(1), make(2), make an end(2), make it good(2), make full restitution(1), make restitution(9), over(1), paid(1), pay(19), pay back(1), paying(1), pays(1), pays back(1), perform(2), performed(1), performing(1), performs(1), present(1), recompense(3), recompenses(1), render(2), rendering(2), repaid(3), repay(19), repays(3), restore(2), reward(3), rewarded(3), surely make restitution(2), surely pay(1), without harm(1). Genesis 44:4 They had just gone out of the city, and were not far off, when Joseph said to his house steward, "Up, follow the men; and when you overtake them, say to them, 'Why have you repaid evil for good? Exodus 21:34 the owner of the pit shall make restitution; he shall give money to its owner, and the dead animal shall become his. 36 "Or if it is known that the ox was previously in the habit of goring, yet its owner has not confined it, he shall surely pay ox for ox, and the dead animal shall become his. Exodus 22:1 "If a man steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it, he shall pay five oxen for the ox and four sheep for the sheep. 3 "But if the sun has risen on him, there will be bloodguiltiness on his account. He shall surely make restitution; if he owns nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft. 4 "If what he stole is actually found alive in his possession, whether an ox or a donkey or a sheep, he shall pay double. 5 "If a man lets a field or vineyard be grazed bare and lets his animal loose so that it grazes in another man's field, he shall make restitution from the best of his own field and the best of his own vineyard. 6 "If a fire breaks out and spreads to thorn bushes, so that stacked grain or the standing grain or the field itself is consumed, he who started the fire shall surely make restitution. 7 "If a man gives his neighbor money or goods to keep for him and it is stolen from the man's house, if the thief is caught, he shall pay double. 9 "For every breach of trust, whether it is for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any lost thing about which one says, 'This is it,' the case of both parties shall come before the judges; he whom the judges condemn shall pay double to his neighbor. 11 an oath before the LORD shall be made by the two of them that he has not laid hands on his neighbor's property; and its owner shall accept it, and he shall not make restitution. 12 "But if it is actually stolen from him, he shall make restitution to its owner. 13 "If it is all torn to pieces, let him bring it as evidence; he shall not make restitution for what has been torn to pieces. 14 "If a man borrows anything from his neighbor, and it is injured or dies while its owner is not with it, he shall make full restitution. 15 "If its owner is with it, he shall not make restitution; if it is hired, it came for its hire. Leviticus 5:16 "He shall make restitution for that which he has sinned against the holy thing, and shall add to it a fifth part of it and give it to the priest. The priest shall then make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and it will be forgiven him. Leviticus 6:5 or anything about which he swore falsely; he shall make restitution for it in full and add to it one-fifth more. He shall give it to the one to whom it belongs on the day he presents his guilt offering. Leviticus 24:18 'The one who takes the life of an animal shall make it good, life for life. 21 'Thus the one who kills an animal shall make it good, but the one who kills a man shall be put to death. Deuteronomy 7:10 but repays those who hate Him to their faces, to destroy them; He will not delay with him who hates Him, He will repay him to his face. Deuteronomy 23:21 "When you make a vow to the LORD your God, you shall not delay to pay it, for it would be sin in you, and the LORD your God will surely require it of you. Deuteronomy 32:41 If I sharpen My flashing sword, And My hand takes hold on justice, I will render vengeance on My adversaries, And I will repay those who hate Me. Judges 1:7 Adoni-bezek said, "Seventy kings with their thumbs and their big toes cut off used to gather up scraps under my table; as I have done, so God has repaid me." So they brought him to Jerusalem and he died there. Ruth 2:12 "May the LORD reward your work, and your wages be full from the LORD, the God of Israel, under whose wings you have come to seek refuge." 1 Samuel 24:19 "For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go away safely? May the LORD therefore reward you with good in return for what you have done to me this day. 2 Samuel 3:39 "I am weak today, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah are too difficult for me. May the LORD repay the evildoer according to his evil." 2 Samuel 12:6 "He must make restitution for the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing and had no compassion." 2 Samuel 15:7 Now it came about at the end of forty years that Absalom said to the king, "Please let me go and pay my vow which I have vowed to the LORD, in Hebron. 1 Kings 7:51 Thus all the work that King Solomon performed in the house of the LORD was finished. And Solomon brought in the things dedicated by his father David, the silver and the gold and the utensils, and he put them in the treasuries of the house of the LORD. 1 Kings 9:25 Now three times in a year Solomon offered burnt offerings and peace offerings on the altar which he built to the LORD, burning incense with them on the altar which was before the LORD. So he finished the house. 2 Kings 4:7 Then she came and told the man of God. And he said, "Go, sell the oil and pay your debt, and you and your sons can live on the rest." 2 Kings 9:26 'Surely I have seen yesterday the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons,' says the LORD, 'and I will repay you in this property,' says the LORD. Now then, take and cast him into the property, according to the word of the LORD." 2 Chronicles 5:1 Thus all the work that Solomon performed for the house of the LORD was finished. And Solomon brought in the things that David his father had dedicated, even the silver and the gold and all the utensils, and put them in the treasuries of the house of God. Nehemiah 6:15 So the wall was completed on the twenty-fifth of the month Elul, in fifty-two days. Job 8:6 If you are pure and upright, Surely now He would rouse Himself for you And restore your righteous estate. Job 9:4 "Wise in heart and mighty in strength, Who has defied Him without harm? Job 21:19 "You say, 'God stores away a man's iniquity for his sons.' Let God repay him so that he may know it. 31 "Who will confront him with his actions, And who will repay him for what he has done? Job 22:27 "You will pray to Him, and He will hear you; And you will pay your vows. Job 23:14 "For He performs what is appointed for me, And many such decrees are with Him. Job 34:11 "For He pays a man according to his work, And makes him find it according to his way. 33 "Shall He recompense on your terms, because you have rejected it? For you must choose, and not I; Therefore declare what you know. Job 41:11 "Who has given to Me that I should repay him? Whatever is under the whole heaven is Mine. Psalm 22:25 From You comes my praise in the great assembly; I shall pay my vows before those who fear Him. Psalm 31:23 O love the LORD, all you His godly ones! The LORD preserves the faithful And fully recompenses the proud doer. Psalm 35:12 They repay me evil for good, To the bereavement of my soul. Psalm 37:21 The wicked borrows and does not pay back, But the righteous is gracious and gives. Psalm 38:20 And those who repay evil for good, They oppose me, because I follow what is good. Psalm 41:10 But You, O LORD, be gracious to me and raise me up, That I may repay them. Psalm 50:14 "Offer to God a sacrifice of thanksgiving And pay your vows to the Most High; Psalm 56:12 Your vows are binding upon me, O God; I will render thank offerings to You. Psalm 61:8 So I will sing praise to Your name forever, That I may pay my vows day by day. Psalm 62:12 And lovingkindness is Yours, O Lord, For You recompense a man according to his work. Psalm 65:1 For the choir director. A Psalm of David. A Song. There will be silence before You, and praise in Zion, O God, And to You the vow will be performed. Psalm 66:13 I shall come into Your house with burnt offerings; I shall pay You my vows, Psalm 76:11 Make vows to the LORD your God and fulfill them; Let all who are around Him bring gifts to Him who is to be feared. Psalm 116:14 I shall pay my vows to the LORD, Oh may it be in the presence of all His people. 18 I shall pay my vows to the LORD, Oh may it be in the presence of all His people, Psalm 137:8 O daughter of Babylon, you devastated one, How blessed will be the one who repays you With the recompense with which you have repaid us. Proverbs 6:31 But when he is found, he must repay sevenfold; He must give all the substance of his house. Proverbs 7:14 "I was due to offer peace offerings; Today I have paid my vows. Proverbs 11:31 If the righteous will be rewarded in the earth, How much more the wicked and the sinner! Proverbs 13:13 The one who despises the word will be in debt to it, But the one who fears the commandment will be rewarded. 21 Adversity pursues sinners, But the righteous will be rewarded with prosperity. Proverbs 19:17 One who is gracious to a poor man lends to the LORD, And He will repay him for his good deed. Proverbs 20:22 Do not say, "I will repay evil"; Wait for the LORD, and He will save you. Proverbs 22:27 If you have nothing with which to pay, Why should he take your bed from under you? Proverbs 25:22 For you will heap burning coals on his head, And the LORD will reward you. Ecclesiastes 5:4 When you make a vow to God, do not be late in paying it; for He takes no delight in fools. Pay what you vow! 5 It is better that you should not vow than that you should vow and not pay. Isaiah 19:21 Thus the LORD will make Himself known to Egypt, and the Egyptians will know the LORD in that day. They will even worship with sacrifice and offering, and will make a vow to the LORD and perform it. Isaiah 38:12 "Like a shepherd's tent my dwelling is pulled up and removed from me; As a weaver I rolled up my life. He cuts me off from the loom; From day until night You make an end of me. 13 "I composed my soul until morning. Like a lion-- so He breaks all my bones, From day until night You make an end of me. Isaiah 44:26 Confirming the word of His servant And performing the purpose of His messengers. It is I who says of Jerusalem, 'She shall be inhabited!' And of the cities of Judah, 'They shall be built.' And I will raise up her ruins again. 28 "It is I who says of Cyrus, 'He is My shepherd! And he will perform all My desire.' And he declares of Jerusalem, 'She will be built,' And of the temple, 'Your foundation will be laid.'" Isaiah 57:18 "I have seen his ways, but I will heal him; I will lead him and restore comfort to him and to his mourners, Isaiah 59:18 According to their deeds, so He will repay, Wrath to His adversaries, recompense to His enemies; To the coastlands He will make recompense. Isaiah 60:20 "Your sun will no longer set, Nor will your moon wane; For you will have the LORD for an everlasting light, And the days of your mourning will be over. Isaiah 65:6 "Behold, it is written before Me, I will not keep silent, but I will repay; I will even repay into their bosom, Isaiah 66:6 "A voice of uproar from the city, a voice from the temple, The voice of the LORD who is rendering recompense to His enemies. Jeremiah 16:18 "I will first doubly repay their iniquity and their sin, because they have polluted My land; they have filled My inheritance with the carcasses of their detestable idols and with their abominations." Jeremiah 18:20 Should good be repaid with evil? For they have dug a pit for me. Remember how I stood before You To speak good on their behalf, So as to turn away Your wrath from them. Jeremiah 25:14 '(For many nations and great kings will make slaves of them, even them; and I will recompense them according to their deeds and according to the work of their hands.)'" Jeremiah 32:18 who shows lovingkindness to thousands, but repays the iniquity of fathers into the bosom of their children after them, O great and mighty God. The LORD of hosts is His name; Jeremiah 50:29 "Summon many against Babylon, All those who bend the bow: Encamp against her on every side, Let there be no escape. Repay her according to her work; According to all that she has done, so do to her; For she has become arrogant against the LORD, Against the Holy One of Israel. Jeremiah 51:6 Flee from the midst of Babylon, And each of you save his life! Do not be destroyed in her punishment, For this is the LORD'S time of vengeance; He is going to render recompense to her. 24 "But I will repay Babylon and all the inhabitants of Chaldea for all their evil that they have done in Zion before your eyes," declares the LORD. 56 For the destroyer is coming against her, against Babylon, And her mighty men will be captured, Their bows are shattered; For the LORD is a God of recompense, He will fully repay. Ezekiel 33:15 if a wicked man restores a pledge, pays back what he has taken by robbery, walks by the statutes which ensure life without committing iniquity, he shall surely live; he shall not die. Hosea 14:2 Take words with you and return to the LORD. Say to Him, "Take away all iniquity And receive us graciously, That we may present the fruit of our lips. Joel 2:25 "Then I will make up to you for the years That the swarming locust has eaten, The creeping locust, the stripping locust and the gnawing locust, My great army which I sent among you. Joel 3:4 "Moreover, what are you to Me, O Tyre, Sidon and all the regions of Philistia? Are you rendering Me a recompense? But if you do recompense Me, swiftly and speedily I will return your recompense on your head. Jonah 2:9 But I will sacrifice to You With the voice of thanksgiving. That which I have vowed I will pay. Salvation is from the LORD." Nahum 1:15 Behold, on the mountains the feet of him who brings good news, Who announces peace! Celebrate your feasts, O Judah; Pay your vows. For never again will the wicked one pass through you; He is cut off completely. Make atonement (03722)(kapar - word study) It will be forgiven- See Leviticus 4:20 Comment Forgiven (05545)(salach or see another study) means to pardon and is translated in the Lxx with the verb aphiemi which means to send off or away, to let go and then to cancel or forgives debts or sin. Forgiveness in Leviticus (10x in 10v) - Lev 4:20, 26, 31, 35, 5:10, 13, 16, 18, 6:7, 19:22 Leviticus 5:17 Now if a person sins and does any of the things which the LORD has commanded not to be done, though he was unaware, still he is guilty and shall bear his punishment. Lev 5:1 4:2-4,13,22,27 though: Lev 5:15 Ps 19:12 Lk 12:48 Ro 14:23 yet is he: Lev 5:1,2 4:2,13,27 Leviticus 5 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries NET "If a person sins and violates any of the Lord's commandments which must not be violated (although he did not know it at the time, but later realizes he is guilty), then he will bear his punishment for iniquity GUILT OFFERINGS FOR SIN OF WHICH ONE IS UNAWARE See discussion of the fulfillment of this Old Testament shadow in the Messiah rendering Himself (literally "His soul") as a guilt offering in commentary notes on Isaiah 53:10. Deffinbaugh has the following summary of the guilt offering: 1. Leviticus 5:14-16 The Guilt Offering is required for violating the Lord’s holy things. 2. Leviticus 5:17-19 The Guilt Offering is required when one sins without knowing it. 3. Leviticus 6:1-7 The Guilt Offering is required for extortion or robbery. 4. Leviticus 7:1-6 The details of the Guilt Offering.