Números 1
Warren Wiersbe · Citado em PreceptAustin
Números 1
Wiersbe - Someone has described Israel’s wilderness wanderings as “the longest funeral march in history.” Numbers has an important spiritual lesson for Christians today, as explained in Hebrews 3–4 and 1 Cor. 10:1–15. God honors faith and punishes unbelief. At the root of all of Israel’s sins in the wilderness was unbelief: they did not trust God’s Word Gilbrant - Comparing Exo. 19:1 with Num. 1:1, we see that Israel had encamped at Sinai for just short of a year. In this busy year, Moses, under God, had organized the nation with its laws, its Tabernacle and its worship. They were now to prepare to march on Canaan. (Complete Biblical Library – Leviticus-Numbers)
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Wiersbe - Genesis pictures God’s people as pilgrims and strangers, looking for their inheritance. Exodus and Leviticus depict Israel as a holy nation of priests, worshiping the Lord. The book of Numbers emphasizes God’s people as warriors, overcoming the enemy and claiming the promised inheritance. There were several purposes for a census in the ancient world For taxation as in Lk 2:1-5 (cf Josephus, Antiquities 18. i. 1) Funds for the Sanctuary of God (Ex 30:13-16) For workers for the Sanctuary (Nu 3:14-39) Most commonly to determine the number of men eligible to fight in a war - It was a regular feature of warfare in Bible times to count the troops before and after a battle (e.g. 1 Sa 11:8; Nu. 31:49). Related Resource: Why did God order a census in the book of Numbers? | GotQuestions.org A Bold God and a Bold People Numbers 1:1–46; John 11:1–27; Psalms 1:1–6 Imagine a God so bold that He would say, “Take a census of the entire community of the children of Israel according to their clans and their ancestors’ house … from twenty years old and above, everyone in Israel who is able to go to war. You and Aaron must muster them for their wars. A man from each tribe will be with you, each man the head of his family” (Num 1:2–4). It wouldn’t be easy to hear God tell you that you must be ready for war. Yet our daily decisions to follow God are not so different than the decisions and preparations Moses had to make. Every day we have opportunities to choose God—or not. It’s easy to agree to this as a principle, but living it is an entirely different story. How often do distractions deter us from actually hearing God? Yet if we can’t hear Him, we can’t obey Him. It’s also easy to be distracted by sin, but following sinful ways will only make us like “the chaff that the wind scatters” (Psa 1:4). We must be a people constantly seeking God instead—a people that makes His law our “delight” (Psa 1:2). We must “meditate” upon it “day and night” (Psa 1:2). We’re also distracted by wicked people prospering. It’s easy to think, “Why is that person moving up in the world while I seem to be falling back?” But we must remember that this world is not “the dream,” and God will bring justice: “for Yahweh knows the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish” (Psa 1:6). What’s distracting you from listening to God and following Him? What are you going to do about it? - JOHN D. BARRY - Connect the Testaments Numbers 1:3 from twenty years old and upward, whoever is able to go out to war in Israel, you and Aaron shall number them by their armies. twenty: Nu 14:29 32:11 Ex 30:14 able: Nu 26:2 De 3:18 24:5 2Sa 24:9 2Ch 17:13-18 26:11-13 by their: Nu 33:1 Ex 12:17 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries MUSTERING MEN ELIGIBLE FOR WARFARE In America there was a saying "You're in the Army Now!" That saying is apropos to all Israeli men over the age of 20, for they were automatically in the army. God was not asking for volunteers. The age of conscription in the United States is 18. As Wenham says "it was envisaged that some men may have good reason not to enlist (Deut. 20:5–9). But here no exceptions for age, marriage or timidity are allowed. So fundamental is the campaign for Canaan that every able bodied man must join in. This census list then conveys the urgency and imminence of the battle for the land." THOUGHT - This fact that all men of a certain age were "automatically" enlisted in the army relates to what happens were we come to faith in Christ. We are supernaturally transferred from the Kingdom of darkness to the Kingdom of light and by default are immediately engaged in spiritual warfare with the forces of darkness. Neutrality is not an option. We are all soldiers, either a good one or a bad one! Many Christians seem to think that we can sit back and not engage in spiritual warfare, not realizing that the enemy is continually active in warfare. As Paul said we are charged to "Suffer hardship (aorist imperative = JUST DO IT!) with me, as a good soldier of Christ Jesus. No soldier in active service entangles himself in the affairs of everyday life, so that he may please the one who enlisted him as a soldier." (2 Ti 2:3-4+). Note the pattern is the same in the NT - God gives us the victory in Christ Jesus (1 Cor 15:57) but we are still responsible to carry out the good fight of faith until the end of our life! (1 Ti 6:12+) The pattern is not "Let go, let God," but "Let God and let's go!" His plan, power and provision and our responsibility to follow through enabled by the Holy Spirit Who gives us the desire and the power to follow through (Php 2:13NLT+, see also Eph 6:10-18+). The idiom dictionary has the following for You're in the Army Now! - Shape up—things are done differently here. One of the stock comedy bits in World War II movies was the rude awakening that recruits received during basic training. Any buck private who tried to oversleep or do anything else that wasn't according to military procedure would be chewed out by his drill sergeant, with an unceremonious, “Hey, you ain't no civilian no more, mister—you're in the army now!” The phrase followed the soldiers home, and well into the '50s anyone who was corrected by an ex-GI was liable to be told, “Do it right, mister—you're in the army now!” From twenty years old and upward, whoever is able to go out to war in Israel, you and Aaron shall number them by their armies - God is preparing His people for the coming warfare they would encounter as they entered the promised land of Canaan. Little did they know that this generation would not enter into Canaan but would die in the wilderness because of their subsequent unbelief. The key phrase of Numbers 1 is go out to war, used 14x - Num. 1:3; Num. 1:20; Num. 1:22; Num. 1:24; Num. 1:26; Num. 1:28; Num. 1:30; Num. 1:32; Num. 1:34; Num. 1:36; Num. 1:38; Num. 1:40; Num. 1:42; Num. 1:45. Clearly the main thrust of Numbers 1 is to "prepare for war!" Wiersbe on go out to war - If Genesis is the book of beginnings and Exodus the book of redemption, then Numbers is the book of warfare. The Jews were in enemy territory, marching toward the land God would help them conquer, and they had to organize for confrontation and conflict....If God were to number the believers in the church today according to their ability to wage spiritual warfare, we wonder how big the army would be. Gaebelein adds "The significance of the statement "all that are able to go forth to war in Israel " must not be overlooked. God wanted His people to go forward and reach in a few days the land of promise, enter in and conquer that land. How this plan was frustrated by their unbelief, and the men of twenty years and over died in the wilderness, without seeing the land is the sad history of this book." (Ibid) THOUGHT - Can you see the principle? Obedience brings blessing. Disobedience takes one out of the sphere of divine blessing. The Israeli soldiers would miss the once in a lifetime opportunity to possess the promised land. We need to take our disobedience seriously, for we never know for certain when a particular disobedience may disqualify us from future blessings. Don't take a chance of missing out on God's best for you life. Obey! As the hymn says "There is no other way to be happy in Jesus than to trust and obey!" Wiersbe - Some people are disturbed by the emphasis on warfare in certain parts of the Bible, and a few denominations have even removed from their hymnals militant songs like “Onward, Christian Soldiers.” But their fears and criticisms are unfounded. “The Lord is a man of war” (Ex. 15:3) when it comes to punishing sin and removing evil. The nations that Israel destroyed in Canaan were living in abominable moral filth and sinning against a flood of light, and the Lord had been long-suffering with them (Gen. 15:13–16; Rom. 1:18ff). Would anybody today criticize a surgeon for removing a cancerous life-threatening tumor from a patient’s body? Yet that’s what God did for society when He used Israel to judge the degenerate nations in Canaan. Furthermore, the military image is used frequently in the New Testament, even by Jesus (Matt. 16:18) and especially by Paul (Rom. 8:31; Eph. 6:10–18; 2 Cor. 10:3–5; 1 Cor. 9:7; 2 Tim. 2:1–4). The Christian life is a battleground, not a playground, and there’s an enemy to fight and territory to gain for the Lord. God declared war on Satan long ago (Gen. 3:15) and there can be no neutrality in this spiritual conflict, for Jesus said, “He that is not with me is against me” (Matt. 12:30).(Be Counted) Related Resources - Why did God command the Israelites to completely destroy the Midianites in Numbers 31:17? | GotQuestions.org Why did God command the extermination / genocide of the Canaanites, women and children included? | GotQuestions.org Why did God condone such terrible violence in the Old Testament? | GotQuestions.org Numbers 1:4 "With you, moreover, there shall be a man of each tribe, each one head of his father's household. Nu 1:16 2:3-31 7:10-83 Nu 10:14-27 13:2-15 17:3 25:4,14 34:18-28 Ex 18:25 Jos 22:14 1Ch 27:1-22 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries ASSISTANTS IN TAKING CENSUS With you, moreover, there shall be a man of each tribe, each one head of his father's household - These tribal leaders are also named in Numbers 2; 7; and 10.These head from each tribe will aid Moses and Aaron in conducting the census. The census was completed in less than 20 days for in Nu 10:11 "the cloud was lifted from over the tabernacle of the testimony" and it was God's signal to move out! Compare the taking of a census in the days of Israel's monarchy, when the government conducted the census, laboriously taking the count tribe by tribe and district by district, this task taking more than nine months! (2 Sa 24:8). When God is "King" as He in essence He still was in the wilderness, the system was far more efficient. This same principle applies to our lives -- we can try to do it in our strength and ingenuity or we can submit to the will and ways of Yahweh! God won't force us. The choice is ours, but the consequences are not our choice! Recall that Moses had made this task of census taking easier for Moses' father in law had directed him to "select out of all the people able men who fear God, men of truth, those who hate dishonest gain; and you shall place these over them as leaders of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties and of tens." (Ex. 18:21) Numbers 1:5 "These then are the names of the men who shall stand with you: of Reuben, Elizur the son of Shedeur; Elizur: Nu 2:10 7:30 10:18 Ge 29:32-35 30:5-20 35:17-26 46:8-24 49:1-33 Ex 1:2-5 De 33:1-29 Rev 7:4-8 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries JEHOVAH CHOOSES THE ASSISTANTS! These then are the names of the men who shall stand with you: of Reuben, Elizur the son of Shedeur - These choices were not left to Moses but were decreed by divine fiat. THOUGHT - Getz relates this to the Biblical teaching of "The Book of Life. As believers, when we are tempted to doubt God’s love and concern, we should remember that our names are forever written in the book of life." As believers, when we are tempted to doubt God’s love and concern, we should remember that our ames are forever written in the book of life. (Life Essentials Study Bible) Reuben means :"behold my firstborn," but he became as "uncontrollable as water." Why? Ge 35:22 says "It came about while Israel was dwelling in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father’s concubine, and Israel heard of it. Now there were twelve sons of Jacob." And then in Ge 49:3-4 we read "Reuben, you are my firstborn; My might and the beginning of my strength, Preeminent in dignity and preeminent in power. Uncontrolled (pahaz = to be reckless, to be arrogant. It means to be undisciplined, wild, insolent) as water, you shall not have preeminence, Because you went up to your father’s bed; Then you defiled it–he went up to my couch. Ryrie adds "Reuben, the firstborn, forfeited his place of preeminence because of his fornica-tion with Bilhah (Ge 35:22). Jacob predicted instability and ineffectiveness. No prophet, judge, or hero came from this tribe (Judg. 5:15-16; 1 Chr. 5:1)." Rayburn makes an interesting observation - You will notice that while the list of Israelite tribes varies – largely as to whether Levi is included or not – there is always a concern to maintain the number 12. Levi is not listed here – replaced by the two sons of Joseph, Ephraim and Manasseh – because the Levites were exempt from military service. Gilbrant on Elizur - This name means "God is a rock" and refers to Elizur, the son of Shedeur from the tribe of Reuben. During Israel's Exodus from Egypt, Elizur was the leader of his tribe (Num. 2:10). He assisted Moses and Aaron as they conducted a census of the Israelite community (Num. 1:5). When Moses had finished setting up the tabernacle (7:1), Elizur represented his tribe in the offering of a gift on the fourth day of the tabernacle's dedication (7:30-35). Later, as the Israelite community broke camp and left Sinai (cf. 10:11-13), Elizur led his tribe (v. 18). (Complete Biblical Library Hebrew-English Dictionary)
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Wiersbe - It is interesting to note that the nation did not grow during their wilderness wanderings. In fact, the second census showed 1,820 fewer men of war. The nation wasted thirty-eight years, endured unnecessary afflictions, failed to grow, and failed to honor God all the while they were on their “death march.” This is what unbelief does to Christians. It wastes time, effort, and manpower and brings no real blessing. How sad it is when churches fail to step out by faith and, as a result, start to degenerate spiritually, numerically, and materially. May God help us to trust His Word! Gene Getz - God instructed Moses and Aaron to have 12 men help them organize Israel’s military divisions. God Himself chose them, identifying each by name. Jesus also chose 12 men to become the leaders of His spiritual army. As a group, their names were recorded four times (Mt 10:2-4; Mk 3:16-19; Lk 6:13-16; Ac 1:13). Even more significant, their names will be inscribed forever on the 12 foundations of the new Jerusalem (Rv 21:14). God has prepared this eternal city for all true believers whose names are recorded in “the book of life” (Php 4:3). How encouraging to know that God knows our names. Jesus provided two illustrations of God’s intimate care: Aren’t two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them falls to the ground without your Father’s consent. But even the hairs of your head have all been counted. So don’t be afraid therefore; you are worth more than many sparrows. (Mt 10:29-31) When we’re tempted to conclude that God doesn’t really care about each one of us, we should remind ourselves that we are secure in Christ and that our names will never be blotted out of the book of life. In fact, He knew us by name before He laid the foundations of the world (Rv 13:8; 17:8). (Life Essentials Study Bible) Norman Geisler - NUMBERS 1:1–4:49—How accurate is this census of the tribes of Israel? PROBLEM: According to the census taken in chapters 1–4 of Numbers, the newly formed nation of Israel must have numbered about 2 million people. According to Numbers 1:1, this census was taken while the people were in the wilderness of Sinai at the beginning of their 40 years of wandering. However, the dry and desolate conditions of the Sinai desert would have made it impossible for such a large group to survive. So, is the census inaccurate? SOLUTION: The naturalistic presupposition of this criticism is contrary to the historic facts. Although there has been some controversy over the meaning of the Hebrew word which is translated “thousand,” the evidence is clear that this is the proper understanding of this word in this context. For example, Numbers 1:21 does not say, as some have claimed, that the children of Reuben numbered 46 families and 500. The verse clearly states that the number of individual men from twenty years old and up was 46 thousand and 500. According to the census in these chapters, the total number of male Israelites from 20 years old and up was 603,550. This number is confirmed by the passage in Exodus 12:37 which states that 600,000 males, along with women and children, departed from Egypt. The fact that the arid and barren desert would not be able to sustain such a large group of people is a valid observation. However, the problem which modern scholarship has with the size of the multitude and the possibility of their survival in the wilderness rests upon an unwillingness to consider the supernatural element. Modern scholarship is decidedly anti-supernatural. Since the Book of Exodus records the divine judgments upon Egypt, and the miraculous deliverance of Israel from bondage, the daily provision for the people by the mighty hand of God is sufficient to explain the survival of the people of God in that destitute land. Indeed, many passages record the miraculous provisions which God made for His people, from the daily supply of manna (Ex. 16), which was provided for the whole nation until the new generation ate the food of the Promised Land (Josh. 5:12), to the miraculous provision of water from that supernatural rock which followed them (1 Cor. 10:4; Ex. 17:6), to the miraculous provision of meat in Numbers 11:31, to the fact that neither their clothes nor their sandals wore out in all their wanderings (Deut. 29:5). God was able to meet all their needs. Although the desert was not able to sustain, the Lord God of Israel certainly was (see also discussion on Deut. 32:13–14). (When Critics Ask) Numbers 1:6 of Simeon, Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai; Shelumiel: Nu 2:12 7:36 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries SIMEON'S SON "PEACE OF GOD" Of Simeon - The second of Leah's sons from Jacob. His name means "hearing" (Gen. 29:33; 35:23). He and Levi savagely avenged the rape of their sister Dinah by Shechem, son of Hamor the Hivite (Gen. 34:1-4). He had many sons, one by a Canaanite woman (Gen. 46:10). Jacob noted his violent nature in his prophetic utterance (Gen. 49:5). Simeon's tribal inheritance lay within Judah. It included some strategic cities, such as Beersheba, Hormah and Ziklag in the Negev area. Ezekiel alloted Simeon's descendant a place in his vision of a new Temple and New Jerusalem (Ezek. 48:24-33). (Baker) Shelumiel the son - Shelumiel means something like "God is my peace." or "At Peace With God" and is from the verb שלם (shalem), to be or make whole or complete, and אל ('el), God. (Num. 1:6; 2:12; 7:36, 41; 10:19). Of Zurishaddai has the familiar name Shaddai (Shadday) and means "The Almighty is my rock and strength." (Nu 1:6; 2:12; 7:36, 41; 10:19) Robert Rayburn makes a good point regarding the liberal view that Numbers was written much later than Moses' day - There are several features of this early section of Numbers that betray its great antiquity (i.e. that it was not composed much later in Israel’s history as is usually assumed in skeptical scholarship. One is the means by which the census was taken, a practice unknown after the rise of the monarchy. Another is the numerous parallels in vocabulary and procedures to the census documents found at Mari and other ANE sites from this time or still earlier. Mari flourished, for example, in the 3rd millennium B.C., a thousand years or more before the exodus and continued to exist until the 18th century B.C. when it was overrun by Hammurabi. In other words, the census we have here is like that of earlier peoples, not later. Another ancient feature is these names: sixteen of them never occur again in biblical literature and not one of them is a compound of Yahweh (remember we read in Exodus 6:3 that the name “Yahweh” was first revealed to Moses and was not known to the Jews before). Many of these names are compounds of El and some of Shaddai. Later Hebrew names are in large numbers compounds of Yahweh; virtually any name in your English Bible that starts with a “J”! [Milgrom, 6] Simeon - the second son of Jacob by his wife Leah (Gen. 29:33). Simeon and his brother Levi slaughtered the inhabitants of Shechem because of the ravaging of their sister Dinah (Ge 34:24-31). Joseph kept him prisoner in Egypt until his brothers brought Benjamin to him (Ge 42:24)."Simeon" was also the name of the tribe of Israel that descended from Jacob's son Simeon. He had six sons: Jemuel or Nemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin or Jarib, Zohar or Zerah and Shaul (Gen. 46:10; Nu. 26:12f). Except for Ohab, all these became heads of households within the tribe (1 Chr. 4:24). At the first census in the wilderness, the tribe of Simeon numbered 59,300 men of military age (Nu. 1:23), and at the census at the end of the forty years journeying, the tribe numbered 22,200 (Nu 26:12ff). The tribe of Simeon received no territorial inheritance at the conquest but was distributed within the territory of Judah (Josh. 19:1). The tribe was credited with destroying the Meunites and the people of Ham, who occupied the Valley of Gedor, and with slaughtering the Amalekites that lived in Mount Seir (1 Chr. 4:39-43). (Complete Biblical Library Hebrew-English Dictionary) Shelumiel - "Peace of God," "at peace with God," "My health comes from God" or "My friend is God." Num. 1:6; Num. 2:12; Num. 7:36; Num. 7:41; Num. 10:19 Zurishaddai - "My rock is Shaddai (Shadday)." 'my rock is the Almighty,' Num. 1:6; Num. 2:12; Num. 7:36; Num. 7:41; Num. 10:19 Numbers 1:7 of Judah, Nahshon the son of Amminadab; Nahshon: Nu 2:3 7:12 10:14 Ru 4:18 1Ch 2:10,11 Mt 1:2-5 Lu 3:32 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries of Judah, Nahshon the son of Amminadab - These are notable names Nahshon (that foretells, that conjectures) was in the family tree of David as we see in Ruth Now these are the generations of Perez: to Perez was born Hezron, 19 and to Hezron was born Ram, and to Ram, Amminadab, 20and to Amminadab was born Nahshon, and to Nahshon, Salmon, 21 and to Salmon was born Boaz, and to Boaz, Obed, 22 and to Obed was born Jesse, and to Jesse, David.(Ruth 4:18–22) The significance of course is that Nahshon was an ancestor of Christ Ram was the father of Amminadab, Amminadab the father of Nahshon, and Nahshon the father of Salmon.(Matt. 1:4+, see also Lk 3:32+). Numbers 1:8 of Issachar, Nethanel the son of Zuar; Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries of Issachar - Jacob's fifth son by Leah (Ge 30:18; 35:23). His name means "a man of hire," i.e., "a hired man." "Jacob's prophetic assertion about Issachar that he was a beast of burden between two saddle bags (niv) or burdens (kjv) supports this view of the name. Issachar is often paired with Zebulun (Gen. 49:14; Deut. 33:18, 19) and his wealth with maritime riches. He had four sons (1 Chr. 7:1)." (Baker) Nethanel - Nethanel occurs fourteen times in the OT as the name of ten different men and is from nāthan literally meaning "God gave" or 'given of God." He was next to Judah in the marching assignments and when the tribes pitched their tents (Num. 2:5; 10:15). Num. 1:8; Num. 2:5; Num. 7:18; Num. 7:23; Num. 10:15 the son of Zuar - 'little one,' or "small one." Numbers 1:9 of Zebulun, Eliab the son of Helon; Eliab: Nu 2:7 7:24 10:16 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries of Zebulun - The sixth son of Jacob. His mother was Leah (Gen. 35:23). He and his sons went to Egypt (Gen. 46:14). He lived near the shore of the Mediterranean and had some access to the sea (Gen. 49:13), evidently Galilee. The name of the tribe and territory of Zebulun. The territory, in lower Galilee, was bounded on the east by Asher, on the north and south by Issachar and Naphtali, on the southeast by Issachar, and on the southwest by Manasseh. It was located near major trade routes through the Jezreel Valley to the south (Josh. 19:10-16; Judg. 1:30). The tribe failed to drive out some Canaanites from a few cities. This tribe showed itself valiant for the Lord in various battles (Judg. 4:6, 10; 5:14, 18; 6:35; 1 Chr. 12:33, 40). Its population was conquered and deported by the Assyrians (722 b.c.). Ezekiel's new Temple vision reserves a place for this tribe (48:26, 27, 33). (CWD) Eliab ('God is father,') -:"There are six men with this name. The first was the son of Helon and leader of the tribe of Zebulun during the Exodus. He assisted Moses and Aaron in the military census which was taken while they were in Sinai. He was responsible for bringing the tribe's offering when the altar was dedicated at the tabernacle (Num. 1:9; 7:24; 10:16)." (Gilbrant) the son of Helon ("the strong one.") Numbers 1:10 of the sons of Joseph: of Ephraim, Elishama the son of Ammihud; of Manasseh, Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur; Elishama: Nu 2:18 7:48 10:22 1Ch 7:26,27 Gamaliel: Nu 2:20 7:54 10:23 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries of the sons of Joseph ("he increase"): of Ephraim, Elishama ('God has heard' "God hears" - Num. 1:10; Num. 2:18; Num. 7:48; Num. 7:53; Num. 10:22 1Ch 7:26,27) Name used by six persons in the Old Testament. Gilbrant - Elishama also was the father of Nun and the grandfather of Joshua, the leader of Israel who succeeded Moses (1 Chr. 7:26). During Israel's exodus from Egypt, Elishama was the head of his tribe and assisted Moses and Aaron as they conducted a census of the Hebrew community (Nu. 1:2-5, 10). When Moses had finished setting up the tabernacle (cf. Nu 7:1), Elishama represented his tribe in the offering of a gift on the seventh day of the tabernacle's dedication (cf. Nu 7:48-53). Later, as the Israelite community broke camp and left Sinai (cf. Nu 10:11-13), Elishama led his tribe (Nu 10:22). (Complete Biblical Library Hebrew-English Dictionary) the son of Ammihud ('my kinsman is majesty,' - Num. 1:10; Num. 2:18; Num. 7:48; Num. 7:53; Num. 10:22; Num. 34:20; Num. 34:28; 2 Sa 13:37; 1 Chr. 7:26; 1 Chr. 9:4); of Manasseh - The firstborn son of Joseph in Egypt. His mother was Asenath, an Egyptian woman whose father was a priest in Heliopolis (On) (Gen. 41:50). The name means "cause to forget" and was given by Joseph because Manasseh's birth helped Joseph forget his family and hard times (Gen. 41:51). Jacob gave his firstborn blessing, however, to Ephraim whose descendants outstripped Manassah's (Gen. 48:19-20). Both became key tribes in northern Israel, and Jacob blessed both under Joseph's name (Gen. 49:22-26). Their fruitfulness and God's care for them are emphasized. Manasseh had a son named Machir (Gen. 50:23). (Bake) Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur means 'the Rock has ransomed or rescued,' - Nu 1:10; Nu 2:20; Nu 7:54; Nu 7:59; Nu 10:23 Elishama the son of Ammihud was the leading commander of the tribe of Ephraim (Nu 1:10), son of Ammihud (Nu 2:18), grandson of Joshua (1 Chr. 7:26). Num. 1:10; Num. 2:18; Num. 7:48; Num. 7:53; Num. 10:22; 2 Sam. 5:16; 2 Ki. 25:25; 1 Chr. 2:41; 1 Chr. 3:6; 1 Chr. 3:8; 1 Chr. 7:26; 1 Chr. 14:7; 2 Chr. 17:8; Jer. 36:12; Jer. 36:20; Jer. 36:21; Jer. 41:1 Numbers 1:11 of Benjamin, Abidan the son of Gideoni; Abidan: Nu 2:22 7:60 10:24 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries of Benjamin ('son of right hand' from yasph = to add), Abidan ('my father is judge' - Nu 1:11; Nu 2:22; Nu 7:60; Nu 7:65; Nu 10:24) the son of Gideoni Numbers 1:12 of Dan, Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai; Ahiezer: Nu 2:25 7:66 10:25 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Of Dan, Ahiezer ('my brother is help,') the son of Ammishaddai ("servant of Shaddai" or 'my kinsman is Shaddai,' Shadday) - Gilbrant says Ammishaddai "used in combination with ʾel , a general term for God, to mean "the God who provides all that is needed" (El Shaddai), though we translate the term "God Almighty." Ammi means "my people"; thus, Ammishaddai can mean "the people of the Almighty." (Ibid) Numbers 1:13 of Asher, Pagiel the son of Ochran; Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries of Asher - 'happy one,' a son of Jacob Pagiel - 'occurrence of God,' Num. 1:13; Num. 2:27; Num. 7:72; Num. 7:77; Num. 10:26 the son of Ochran - his name is derived from the verb ʿākhar, meaning "trouble," "perplexed" or "afflicted one." Num. 1:13; Num. 2:27; Num. 7:72; Num. 7:77; Num. 10:2 Numbers 1:14 of Gad, Eliasaph the son of Deuel; Eliasaph: Nu 7:42 10:20, Son of Reuel, Nu 2:14 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries of Gad, Eliasaph - 'God has added' (el = God + yasaph = add) Used of two people. Ten days after Moses had finished setting up the Tabernacle, Deuel's son Eliasaph presented an offering on behalf of his brethren (Nu 7:42, 47). When the Israelites left Sinai, Deuel's son was placed in charge of the warriors belonging to the tribe of Gad (Nu 10:20). Chief of Gad (Num. 1:14; 2:14; 3:24; 7:42, 47; 10:20 Chief of Gershon (Num. 3:24). the son of Deuel - 'known of God,' Num. 1:14; Num. 2:14; Num. 7:42; Num. 7:47; Num. 10:20 Numbers 1:15 of Naphtali, Ahira the son of Enan. Ahira: Nu 2:29 7:78 10:27 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries of Naphtali, Ahira - Gilbrant - Ahira appears five times in Numbers, referring to the same individual (Nu 1:15; 2:29; 7:78, 83; 10:27). He was the son of Enan, the leader of the tribe of Naphtali. His name means "the (divine) kinsman is is a friend." The first mentioning of Ahira is in the context of taking a census of the people of his tribe, as each tribe supplies an individual to aid Moses in this endeavor who was "the head of the house of his fathers" (Nu 1:4). Part of the task of the leader was to organize the community of the tribe, evidenced in Nu 2:29, as the tribe was to encamp on the northern fringe of the wilderness camp, under the direction of Ahira. The tribe followed Ahira when moving (Nu 10:27). Finally, as representative of the tribe, Ahira offers the dedicatory offering of the tribe on the newly consecrated altar in the wilderness (Nu 7:78, 83). (Complete Biblical Library Hebrew-English Dictionary) the son of Enan - 'having fountains,' or "spring (of water)." Numbers 1:16 "These are they who were called of the congregation, the leaders of their fathers' tribes; they were the heads of divisions of Israel." the called of the congregation - those who were summoned by name to attend. Nu 2:3-31 7:2,10-83 10:14-27 11:17 16:2 26:9 Jud 6:15 1Ch 27:16-22 heads: Nu 1:4 Ex 18:21,25 De 1:15 1Sa 22:7 23:23 Mic 5:2 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries These are they who were called of the congregation, the leaders of their fathers' tribes; they were the heads of divisions of Israel." Numbers 1:17 So Moses and Aaron took these men who had been designated by name, Nu 1:5-15 Joh 10:3 Rev 7:4-17 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries So Moses and Aaron took these men who had been designated by name Jeffrey Feinberg - Each nasi oversees his own list of names (Nu 1:17–18). What takes David over nine months to count (2 Sa 24:8; cf. Num. 10:11), Moshe and Aharon delegate and complete in under 20 days! (Walk Numbers) Numbers 1:18 and they assembled all the congregation together on the first of the second month. Then they registered by ancestry in their families, by their fathers' households, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, head by head, BGT Numbers 1:18 καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν συναγωγὴν συνήγαγον ἐν μιᾷ τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ δευτέρου ἔτους καὶ ἐπηξονοῦσαν κατὰ γενέσεις αὐτῶν κατὰ πατριὰς αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν NET Numbers 1:18 and they assembled the entire community together on the first day of the second month. Then the people recorded their ancestry by their clans and families, and the men who were twenty years old or older were listed by name individually, NLT Numbers 1:18 and they assembled the whole community of Israel on that very day. All the people were registered according to their ancestry by their clans and families. The men of Israel who were twenty years old or older were listed one by one, ESV Numbers 1:18 and on the first day of the second month, they assembled the whole congregation together, who registered themselves by clans, by fathers' houses, according to the number of names from twenty years old and upward, head by head, NIV Numbers 1:18 and they called the whole community together on the first day of the second month. The people indicated their ancestry by their clans and families, and the men twenty years old or more were listed by name, one by one, KJV Numbers 1:18 And they assembled all the congregation together on the first day of the second month, and they declared their pedigrees after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, by their polls. they registered by ancestry: Ezr 2:59 Ne 7:61 Heb 7:3,6 *margins by their fathers' households Nu 1:2 according: Nu 1:20-54 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries TIME FOR A "SKULL" COUNT and they assembled all the congregation together on the first of the second month - It's time to count "skulls." Then they registered by ancestry in their families, by their fathers' households, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, head by head - The groups ascend in size: family, clan, tribe, and the entire assembly. Head (01538) see note above on gulgolet F B
Números 1
Wiersbe - WWBC) Standard (01714)(degel) is a masculine noun used almost exclusively in Numbers and which denotes a flag, a banner, or a standard which identified the various tribes of Israel (Nu 1:52; 2:2). It represented the tribe to which a group belonged (Nu 2:3, 10). It depicted the attitude and intent of the lover toward his bride (Song 2:4).“He has brought me to his banquet hall, And his banner over me is love." The love of the maiden for the man was the rallying point of her life. Degel - 14x in 14v - banner(1), standard(10), standards(3). Num. 1:52; Num. 2:2; Num. 2:3; Num. 2:10; Num. 2:17; Num. 2:18; Num. 2:25; Num. 2:31; Num. 2:34; Num. 10:14; Num. 10:18; Num. 10:22; Num. 10:25; Song. 2:4 Numbers 1:53 "But the Levites shall camp around the tabernacle of the testimony, so that there will be no wrath on the congregation of the sons of Israel. So the Levites shall keep charge of the tabernacle of the testimony." shall camp around Nu 1:50 3:7 18:3 1Ti 4:13-16 2Ti 4:2 there be: Nu 8:19 16:46 18:5 Lev 10:6 1Sa 6:19 Jer 5:31 23:15 Ac 20:28-31 and the: Nu 3:7,8 8:24-26 18:3-5 31:30,47 1Ch 23:32 2Ch 13:10 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries LEVITES SURROUND THE TABERNACLE OF YAHWEH But the Levites shall camp around the tabernacle of the testimony - The priestly tribe was not only the mediator, the go between, but the guardian. The Lxx uses the verb paremballo for shall camp around, this verb literally meaning to throw up and so to enclose an object or area on all sides. Paremballo was actually a military technical term expressing preparations to besiege a city (Lk 19:43+), so the Levites were in a sense prepared to guard against unwanted intrusions by encircling the Tabernacle of God. So that (TERM OF PURPOSE) there will be no wrath on the congregation of the sons of Israel - Wrath is the Hebrew word qetseph Wrath (07110)(qesep) is a masculine noun meaning wrath. "The verb qāṣap is used to give pointed expression to the relationship between two or more persons, one or both of which can be said to feel anger (ʾap), have wrath (ḥēmâ), indignation (kaʿas), or express anger." (TWOT) "The word refers to anger aroused by someone's failure to do a duty. For example, a wife in Persia who showed contempt for her husband by not doing her duties would arouse his wrath (Esther. 1:18). This word usually refers to God's wrath aroused by people failing to do their duties (Deut. 29:28; Ps. 38:1; Isa. 34:2). In some cases, this wrath was directed against sinful Gentile nations (Isa. 34:2; Zech. 1:15; cf. Ro 1:18). In Israel's case, this duty was expressed in the Law of Moses (2 Chr. 19:10; Zech. 7:12; cf. Ro 4:15). Atonement performed by priests turned away God's wrath when laws were broken (Num. 16:46; 1 Chr. 27:24; 2 Chr. 29:8)." (Complete Word Study Dictionary – Old Testament) Gilbrant - "Qesep is one of the strongest words for anger and is heightened to "great wrath" in several passages (Deut. 29:28; 2 Ki. 3:27; Jer. 21:5; 32:37; Zech. 1:15; 7:12). Three passages place "great wrath" at the climax of a trio of synonyms for anger. In Deut. 29:28, God warns that apostasy from the Covenant will result in Israel being uprooted from their land by his "anger, and in wrath, and in great indignation." Jeremiah predicts the day when the Lord will fight against Israel in overwhelming anger as He carries out the curse of Deuteronomy (Jer. 21:5). Later, he foretells the nation's restoration; even though God has banished the people in anger and great wrath, He will bring them back (Jer. 32:37)." (Complete Biblical Library Hebrew-English Dictionary) Qesep - 28x in 28v - Num. 1:53; Num. 16:46; Num. 18:5; Deut. 29:28; Jos. 9:20; Jos. 22:20; 2 Ki. 3:27; 1 Chr. 27:24; 2 Chr. 19:2; 2 Chr. 19:10; 2 Chr. 24:18; 2 Chr. 29:8; 2 Chr. 32:25; 2 Chr. 32:26; Est. 1:18; Ps. 38:1; Ps. 102:10; Eccl. 5:17; Isa. 34:2; Isa. 54:8; Isa. 60:10; Jer. 10:10; Jer. 21:5; Jer. 32:37; Jer. 50:13; Zech. 1:2; Zech. 1:15; Zech. 7:12 So the Levites shall keep charge of the tabernacle of the testimony - The verb charge is mishmereth meaning: to a guard, watch and in the Lxx is phulasso means to carry out the function of watching even like a military guard or sentinel (cp Ac 23:35, 28:16), guarding the integrity of the Tabernacle. The NT uses phulasso of guarding truth (eg, 1Ti 5:21, 6:20) which is a good picture, because the Tabernacle was the Source of Truth from Jehovah. THOUGHT - Believers are Yahweh's royal priesthood today (1 Pe 2:9+) and He has given each of us a charge to "Guard (phulasso command in aorist imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) (2 Ti 1:14+) through the Holy Spirit Who dwells in us, the treasure which has been entrusted to you." Numbers 1:54 Thus the sons of Israel did; according to all which the LORD had commanded Moses, so they did. Nu 2:34 Ex 23:21,22 39:32,43 40:16,32 De 12:32 1Sa 15:22 Mt 28:20 Numbers 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries ISRAEL'S PROMPT OBEDIENCE Thus the sons of Israel did; according to all which the LORD had commanded Moses, so they did - This is an amazing statement in light of their disobedience and disbelief in the near future. This shows one can have a good beginning but a disastrous ending (all died in the wilderness because of their disobedience). O how we each need to memorize, meditate on and continually practice Paul's admonition in 1 Cor 10:12 "Therefore let him who thinks he stands take heed (present imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) that he does not fall." As Rayburn says "We have here, in other words, the same reality often described in the NT: people who started well but quit at some point, people who tasted the powers of the age to come and the goodness of the word of God and shared in the Holy Spirit (Heb 6:4-5) but who, nevertheless, fell away never to be renewed to repentance. It is this that will make Numbers such an important warning for every generation of Christians, as Paul says in 1 Cor. 10:6, 11. Disciples Study Bible - Obedience is possible. God does not set up imperatives we cannot follow (ED: Of course in NT we have the indwelling Spirit - see Php 2:13NLT+) Human weakness is not an acceptable excuse, God calls us to full-time obedience (Dt 30:11).