Marcos 1
William Barclay · Citado em PreceptAustin
Marcos 1
Barclay - “In Palestine there were two kinds of leprosy. There was one which was rather like a very bad skin disease, and it was the less serious of the two. There was the one in which the disease, starting from a small spot, ate away the flesh until the wretched sufferer was left with only the stump of a hand or a leg. It was literally a living death.” R Kent
Marcos 1
Barclay - In this life it is impossible to escape the assault of temptation; but one thing is sure--temptations are not sent to us to make us fall; they are sent to strengthen the nerve and the sinew of our minds and hearts and souls. They are not meant for our ruin, but for our good. They are meant to be tests from which we emerge better warriors and athletes of God. (Mark - Daily Study Bible - Bible Portal) Related Resources: What was the meaning and purpose of Jesus' temptations Why did Jesus fast? How to fast—what does the Bible say? What are the different types of fasting? What does it mean that Satan is prince of the power of the air Why did Satan think he could defeat God? Is there activity of demonic spirits in the world today What does the Bible say about demonic oppression? Is temptation a sin? Is it a sin to be tempted? What are some of the symbols of the Holy Spirit in the Bible What is the power of the Holy Spirit? In what ways was Moses like Jesus? What are the keys to resisting temptation? Introduction to John Owen's Overcoming Sin and Temptation (a compilation of 3 works edited by Kelly Kapic and Justin Taylor - recommended) Mortification of Sin - John Owen Of Temptation - John Owen Indwelling Sin - John Owen Triumphing Over Temptation - John MacArthur The Source, Force and Course of Temptation - Steven Cole Holman Bible Dictionary - Temptation of Jesus International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Christ, Temptation of , Temptation of Christ Kitto Biblical Cyclopedia - Temptation of our lord McClintock and Strong's Bible Encyclopedia - Temptation of Christ. Charles Buck Dictionary - Temptation of Christ The Impeccability of Christ - John Walvoord Could Jesus Have Sinned? - Wayne Grudem's Systematic Theology - scroll down to page 464 The Impeccability of Christ - A W Pink Could Jesus have sinned (peccability or impeccability)? - Gotquestions Question - What is a Wilderness Experience? Answer - A “wilderness experience” is usually thought of as a tough time in which a believer endures discomfort and trials. The pleasant things of life are unable to be enjoyed, or they may be absent altogether, and one feels a lack of encouragement. A “wilderness experience” is often a time of intensified temptation and spiritual attack. It can involve a spiritual, financial, or emotional drought. Having a “wilderness experience” is not necessarily a sign that a believer is sinning; rather, it is a time of God-ordained testing. A “wilderness experience” is often linked to a “mountaintop experience”; that is, the struggle follows a success of some kind. The period of trial comes on the heels of a period of accomplishment or achievement. There are several biblical examples of people enduring a “wilderness experience.” The people of Israel, in leaving Egypt, experienced a miraculous deliverance through the Red Sea. The triumph of finally being free from slavery was their “mountaintop experience.” Yet what followed was a journey through the desert. They were tried in an actual wilderness, and they failed the test. As a result, their “wilderness experience” stretched to forty years. Others who can be said to have had a “wilderness experience” include the prophet Elijah (1 Kings 19:1–9); the apostle Paul (Galatians 1:17–18+); and, of course, the patriarch Job 1:1-20, 21. Jesus also had a “wilderness experience.” After Jesus’ baptism, “at once the Spirit sent him out into the wilderness, and he was in the wilderness forty days, being tempted by Satan” (Mark 1:12–13). Jesus’ experience teaches us some important facts: it is not a sin to be tempted; it is God’s will that times of testing come our way—Jesus was “full of the Holy Spirit” when He went into the wilderness (Luke 4:1+); and we are never without God’s grace—Jesus may have been “with the wild animals,” but “angels attended him,” too (Mark 1:13). In a “wilderness experience,” a believer may struggle simply to survive from day to day. Financial, material, physical, or emotional burdens may press on him. The flesh cries out for relief. The believer is forced to wait on the Lord, find God’s peace and joy in the midst of trouble, and through it all mature in his walk with Christ. Paul offers this encouragement for those who “have this treasure in jars of clay”: “We are hard pressed on every side, but not crushed; perplexed, but not in despair; persecuted, but not abandoned; struck down, but not destroyed. We always carry around in our body the death of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus may also be revealed in our body” (2 Corinthians 4:7–10+). The reason for these trials, Paul says, is “to show that this all-surpassing power is from God and not from us” (verse 7+). The wilderness is an unpleasant place, fleshly speaking. We naturally want prosperity, health, and easy going. But the same God who created the garden also created the wilderness. There will be times of trial and pressure. Our faith will be tested. But the God of grace will meet us even in the wilderness. Missionary Amy Carmichael knew this truth: “Bare heights of loneliness...a wilderness whose burning winds sweep over glowing sands, what are they to HIM? Even there He can refresh us, even there He can renew us.” (Gotquestions) Mark 1:13 And He was in the wilderness forty days being tempted by Satan; and He was with the wild beasts, and the angels were ministering to Him. NET Mark 1:13 He was in the wilderness forty days, enduring temptations from Satan. He was with wild animals, and angels were ministering to his needs. GNT Mark 1:13 καὶ ἦν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τεσσεράκοντα ἡμέρας πειραζόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ Σατανᾶ, καὶ ἦν μετὰ τῶν θηρίων, καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι διηκόνουν αὐτῷ. NLT Mark 1:13 where he was tempted by Satan for forty days. He was out among the wild animals, and angels took care of him. KJV Mark 1:13 And he was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted of Satan; and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered unto him. ESV Mark 1:13 And he was in the wilderness forty days, being tempted by Satan. And he was with the wild animals, and the angels were ministering to him. ASV Mark 1:13 And he was in the wilderness forty days tempted of Satan; And he was with the wild beasts; And the angels ministered unto him. CSB Mark 1:13 He was in the wilderness 40 days, being tempted by Satan. He was with the wild animals, and the angels began to serve Him. NIV Mark 1:13 and he was in the desert forty days, being tempted by Satan. He was with the wild animals, and angels attended him. NKJ Mark 1:13 And He was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted by Satan, and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered to Him. NRS Mark 1:13 He was in the wilderness forty days, tempted by Satan; and he was with the wild beasts; and the angels waited on him. YLT Mark 1:13 and he was there in the wilderness forty days, being tempted by the Adversary, and he was with the beasts, and the messengers were ministering to him. NAB Mark 1:13 and he remained in the desert for forty days, tempted by Satan. He was among wild beasts, and the angels ministered to him. NJB Mark 1:13 and he remained there for forty days, and was put to the test by Satan. He was with the wild animals, and the angels looked after him. GWN Mark 1:13 where he was tempted by Satan for 40 days. He was there with the wild animals, and the angels took care of him. BBE Mark 1:13 And he was in the waste land for forty days, being tested by Satan; and he was with the beasts; and the angels took care of him. He was in the wilderness forty days: Ex 24:18 34:28 De 9:11,18,25 1Ki 19:8 being tempted by Satan: Heb 2:17,18 4:15 the angels were ministering to Him: 1Ki 19:5-7 Mt 4:11 26:53 1Ti 3:16 Mark 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries THE TEMPTATION OF CHRIST Mark's account gives us very little detail so below are the other two accounts: (Mt 4:1-11+) Then Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil. 2 And after He had fasted forty days and forty nights, He then became hungry. 3 And the tempter came and said to Him, “If You are the Son of God, command that these stones become bread.” 4 But He answered and said, “It is written, ‘MAN SHALL NOT LIVE ON BREAD ALONE, BUT ON EVERY WORD THAT PROCEEDS OUT OF THE MOUTH OF GOD.’” 5 Then the devil *took Him into the holy city and had Him stand on the pinnacle of the temple, 6and *said to Him, “If You are the Son of God, throw Yourself down; for it is written, ‘HE WILL COMMAND HIS ANGELS CONCERNING YOU’; and ‘ON their HANDS THEY WILL BEAR YOU UP, SO THAT YOU WILL NOT STRIKE YOUR FOOT AGAINST A STONE.’” 7 Jesus said to him, “On the other hand, it is written, ‘YOU SHALL NOT PUT THE LORD YOUR GOD TO THE TEST.’” 8 Again, the devil *took Him to a very high mountain and *showed Him all the kingdoms of the world and their glory; 9 and he said to Him, “All these things I will give You, if You fall down and worship me.” 10 Then Jesus *said to him, “Go, Satan! For it is written, ‘YOU SHALL WORSHIP THE LORD YOUR GOD, AND SERVE HIM ONLY.’” 11 Then the devil *left Him; and behold, angels came and began to minister to Him. (Lk 4:1-13+) Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led around by the Spirit in the wilderness 2 for forty days, being tempted by the devil. And He ate nothing during those days, and when they had ended, He became hungry. 3 And the devil said to Him, “If You are the Son of God, tell this stone to become bread.” 4 And Jesus answered him, “It is written, ‘MAN SHALL NOT LIVE ON BREAD ALONE.’” 5 And he led Him up and showed Him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time. 6 And the devil said to Him, “I will give You all this domain and its glory; for it has been handed over to me, and I give it to whomever I wish. 7 “Therefore if You worship before me, it shall all be Yours.” 8 Jesus answered him, “It is written, ‘YOU SHALL WORSHIP THE LORD YOUR GOD AND SERVE HIM ONLY.’” 9 And he led Him to Jerusalem and had Him stand on the pinnacle of the temple, and said to Him, “If You are the Son of God, throw Yourself down from here; 10 for it is written, ‘HE WILL COMMAND HIS ANGELS CONCERNING YOU TO GUARD YOU,’ 11 and, ‘ON their HANDS THEY WILL BEAR YOU UP, SO THAT YOU WILL NOT STRIKE YOUR FOOT AGAINST A STONE.’” 12 And Jesus answered and said to him, “It is said, ‘YOU SHALL NOT PUT THE LORD YOUR GOD TO THE TEST.’” 13 When the devil had finished every temptation, he left Him until an opportune time. Kevin Zuber summarizes Jesus' temptations as "(1) Serve Yourself (Lk 4:3-4+); (2) Honor Yourself (Lk 4:5-8+); (3) Be spectacular (be presumptuous and prove Your self-importance; Lk 4:9-12+). Jesus countered each temptation with an appeal to Scripture (cf. Dt 8:3; 6:13; 6:16). These events proved Jesus was the right man, with the appropriate background, with the proper credentials, and with the desirable experience for the ministry He was about to begin." (The Moody Bible Commentary) COMPARISON OF SATAN'S TEMPTATIONS OF EVE AND JESUS TEMPTATION GENESIS 3 LUKE 4 Appeal to physical appetite You may eat of any tree (Ge 3:1+) You may eat by changing stones to bread (Lk 4:3-4+) Appeal to personal gain You surely will not die (Ge 3:4+) You will not strike Your foot (Lk 4:9-12+) Appeal to power or glory You will be like God (Ge 3:5+) You will have all the world's kingdoms (Lk 4:5-8+) And He was in the wilderness forty days being tempted by Satan - Marks says "John the Baptist appeared in the wilderness preaching." (Mk 1:4 ) so clearly this was not such a desolate place that he could not gather an audience to hear. On the other hand, Jesus appears to be in an uninhabited, isolated wilderness, which would have been removed from John's location. Dan Duncan poses a question many have pondered - Was this...a conflict that He could possibly lose? He was without sin, but was He able to sin? Was defeat a possibility?..The answer is no. Think of what has just taken place and the Father’s testimony, and I think that underscores the fact, because the father has just testified that He is His beloved Son. He is, to use the theological term, a theanthropic person. That is He is the God Man, two natures united in one person in a union in which the divine nature controls the human nature. And in that union, His divine nature could not allow His human nature to sin. In theological terms, this is called Christ’s impeccability. That is His inability to sin. It is impossible for Him to commit a sin. And that Related Resource: The Impeccability of Christ - John Walvoord Could Jesus Have Sinned? - Wayne Grudem's Systematic Theology The Impeccability of Christ - A W Pink Could Jesus have sinned (peccability or impeccability)? - Gotquestions Forty days - The testing lasted forty days, but some commentators like William Barclay say this is not to be taken literally which is absurd! Of course it is to be taken literally. The number forty in the Bible is used for times of testing, times of probation, and times of preparation. Israel spent forty years in the wilderness. Moses spent forty years on the backside of the desert in training. The spies spent forty days spying out Canaan. The rains were upon the earth forty days and nights during the flood. So, the number forty is a number associated with testing. Forty days also reminds us of Moses who spent 40 days without food or water on Mount Sinai with the Lord before he received the Law (Ex 24:18; Ex 34:28). Elijah also went 40 days on the strength of the food given to him by the angel to Horeb, the mountain of God (1Ki 19:8). Both of these fasts and Jesus’ fast were miraculous events, because no man can go 40 days without food or water. It is not a sin to be tempted, but it is a sin to yield to temptation. THOUGHT - When temptations to do evil come, they never come from the hand of God (James 1:13+). God never leads people into sin. He is in the business of leading us Away From Evil (1 Corinthians 10:13+). However, He will send us into periods of testing. He does this, not to cause us to fail, but to help us grow in the Lord. He knows that we do our best growing when the pressure is on. God will not send you into a time of temptation to sin, but He will send you into a time of testing to help you grow. Courson - Forty days puts us in mind of the forty years God’s people wandered in the wilderness. Because the law will never lead a man into the Land of Promise, Moses, who speaks of the law, was unable to lead the people into the land. No, it was Joshua, whose name is the Hebrew form of “Jesus,” who brought the people into the land flowing with milk and honey. Dwight Edwards - Before Christ began exercising power over others (Mk 1:16-45); He first exercised power over Himself. The man who cannot control himself is not fit to lead others. Too often we are looking for a ministry over others before we have gained mastery over ourselves. Christ's call to discipleship is predicated upon this control over ourselves - "If any man would come after Me, let him deny (lit. "say no" ) himself " (Matt. 16:24, Mark 8:34+). Lloyd-Jones - Satan has already been judged. He was judged by the work done on the cross; it was proclaimed by the sending of the Holy Spirit. And it is a fact. Our Lord’s last great commission to His followers was, ‘All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth. Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost’ (Mt 28:18–19+). He has this power. Wilderness (secluded, desolate, desert) (2048)(eremos) when used as an adjective, normally describes places which are abandoned, desolate, or unpopulated. Mark's uses of eremos - Mk. 1:3; Mk. 1:4; Mk. 1:12; Mk. 1:13; Mk. 1:35; Mk. 1:45; Mk. 6:31; Mk. 6:32; Mk. 6:35 Being tempted (3985)(peirazo from the noun peira = test from peíro = perforate, pierce through to test durability of things) is a morally neutral word simply meaning to test. Peirazo can mean "test" or "tempt." Sometimes both senses apply simultaneously. (This is an example where Greek is less precise than English.) Only the context determines when a positive ("to test") or negative ("to tempt") sense is meant.Whether the test is for a good (as it proved to be in Heb 11:17+) or evil as here in Mark 1:13 (Mt 4:1+, Lk 4:2+) depends on the intent of the one giving the test and also on the response of the one tested. (cf peirasmos).
Marcos 1
Barclay - There is the word repent. Now repentance is not so easy as sometimes we think . The Greek word metanoeo literally means to change one's mind. We are very apt to confuse two things--sorrow for the consequences of sin and sorrow for sin. Many a man is desperately sorry because of the mess that sin has got him into, but he very well knows that, if he could be reasonably sure that he could escape the consequences, he would do the same thing again. It is not the sin that he hates; it is its consequences. Real repentance means that a man has come, not only to be sorry for the consequences of his sin, but to hate sin itself. Long ago that wise old writer, Montaigne, wrote in his autobiography, "Children should be taught to hate vice for its own texture, so that they will not only avoid it in action, but abominate it in their hearts--that the very thought of it may disgust them whatever form it takes." Repentance means that the man who was in love with sin comes to hate sin because of its exceeding sinfulness. (Mark - Daily Study Bible - Bible Portal)
Marcos 1
Barclay - Peter’s mother-in-law was suffering from what the Talmud called ‘a burning fever.’ It was, and still is, very prevalent in that particular part of Galilee. The Talmud actually lays down the methods of dealing with it. A knife made wholly of iron was tied by a braid of hair to a thorn bush. On successive days there was repeated, first, Exodus 3:2, 3; second Exodus 3:4; and finally Exodus 3:5. Then a certain magical formula was pronounced, and thus the cure was supposed to be achieved. Jesus completely disregarded all the paraphernalia of popular magic, and with a gesture and a word of unique authority and power, he healed the woman. (Daily Study Bible - Bible Portal) As
Marcos 1
Barclay has a good summary of the role of a herald. Kerux is the Greek word for herald, and the herald was the man who brought a message direct from the king. This word tells us of certain characteristics of the preaching of Jesus and these are characteristics which should be in all preaching. (i) The herald had in his voice a note of certainty. There was no doubt about his message; he did not come with perhapses and maybes and probably’s; he came with a definite message. Goethe had it: “Tell me of your certainties: I have doubts enough of my own.” Preaching is the proclamation of certainties, and a man cannot make others sure of that about which he himself is in doubt. (ii) The herald had in his voice the note of authority. He was speaking for the king; he was laying down and announcing the king’s law, the king’s command, and the king’s decision. As was said of a great preacher, “he did not cloudily guess; he knew.” Preaching, as it has been put, is the application of prophetic authority to the present situation. (iii) The herald’s message came from a source beyond himself; it came from the king. Preaching speaks from a source beyond the preacher. It is not the expression of one man’s personal opinions; it is the voice of God that Jesus spoke to men. (Matthew Commentary Daily Study Bible - Bible Portal) Mark 1:39 And He went into their synagogues throughout all Galilee, preaching and casting out the demons. preaching and casting out the demons: Mk 1:21 Mt 4:23 Lu 4:43,44 Mark 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries PRIMACY OF PREACHING Primacy means "the state of being first in importance." And He went into their synagogues throughout all Galilee - Luke 4:44 says in the synagogues of Judea. Jesus would enter the synagogue where the people were gathered for religious services and supposedly to hear the Torah. The irony is that here was the "Torah" Himself (the Living Word Jn 1:1+) entering the places of dead religion in order to preach the living Word that alone could bring life to the spiritually dead!