Lucas 11
William Hendriksen · Citado em PreceptAustin
Lucas 11
Hendriksen has a pithy comment - Compromise fails. When “the sons of God” marry “the daughters of men,” the result is the Flood (Gen. 6:1, 2, 13). When King Saul brings God an offering of partial obedience, he is rejected (1 Sam. 15:1–23). By subordinating the true religion of Jehovah to selfish political interests Jeroboam brings a curse upon himself, his family, and his nation (1 Kings 12:25–30; 13:4, 5; 14:6–16). And when Peter, in a moment of weakness, compromises the doctrine of “salvation solely by grace,” he deserves the rebuke administered by Paul (Gal. 2:11–21). The policy of “fearing Jehovah and worshiping one’s own gods” (2 Kings 17:33) never succeeds. Joshua knew this (Josh. 24:15), and so did Elijah (1 Kings 18:21). Moreover, the sinister policy of half-covenanting with the world, the attempt to compromise, confuses and therefore scatters the sheep (Matt. 9:36); while steadfast loyalty gathers them (Isa. 40:11; John 10:16). (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke)
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Hendriksen - An emotional outburst, if rooted in truth, has its value. One must be careful, however, not to make primary that which is, after all, secondary. Note the careful manner in which Jesus corrects and completes this lady’s statement. He does so without discouraging her … a lesson for us all. (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke) Steven
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Hendriksen comments - Ninevites repented; most of the Israelites do not (John 1:11; 12:37). Less enlightened people obeyed less enlightened preaching, but more enlightened people refuse to obey the Light of the world. The question is asked, “But was this repentance of Ninevites genuine, that is, unto salvation?” The answer, often given, is that it was not, otherwise Nineveh would not have been destroyed. Objection: The destruction of this great city occurred about the year 612 B.C., that is, about a century and a half after Jonah’s preaching. It is therefore unjust to charge Ninevites of Jonah’s day with the sins of a much later generation. Scripture nowhere claims that the repentance of all Ninevites was genuine, but neither does it leave the impression that none of them were saved; rather the opposite. That there were indeed genuine conversions in Nineveh, perhaps many of them, seems to be implied both in the prophetic book and here in Luke 11:32. The idea that the repentance of Ninevites was not genuine, that it was merely from vice to virtue, is open to objections: (a) in Luke 10:13–15 Nineveh is not included in the list of Old Testament impenitent cities; and (b) if the repentance referred to here in Luke 11:32 is not genuine it is hard to explain the statement, “Men of Nineveh shall stand up in the judgment with this generation and shall condemn it.” It should be noted that concerning these “men of Nineveh” it does not say, as it does in the case of those of Sodom and Gomorrah, Tyre and Sidon, that in the judgment it will be “more tolerable” for them, but that, like the queen of the South (Luke 11:31), they shall stand up in the judgment and shall condemn “this” generation, that is, the generation of the scribes and Pharisees and their followers. Since it is the teaching of Scripture (Dan. 7:22; Matt. 19:28; 1 Cor. 6:2; Rev. 15:3, 4; 20:4) that God’s children are going to participate in the final judgment (for example, by praising God in Christ for his judgments?), this statement of Jesus about the role of certain Ninevites in that Great Assize is understandable, especially if their repentance was genuine.Again the Pharisees and scribes are reminded of the greatness of their sin in rejecting and blaspheming the Christ, the One far more exalted than Jonah...Greater privileges imply heavier responsibilities. Carpe diem! (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke) Luke 11:31 "The Queen of the South will rise up with the men of this generation at the judgment and condemn them, because she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, something greater than Solomon is here. KJV Luke 11:31 The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with the men of this generation, and condemn them: for she came from the utmost parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a greater than Solomon is here. The Queen of the South 1 Kings 10:1-13; 2 Chr 9:1-12; Mt 12:42 will rise up with the men of this generation at the judgment and condemn them Isa 54:17; Jeremiah 3:11; Ro 2:27; Heb 11:7 behold, something greater than Solomon is here 3:22; 9:35; Isa 9:6,7; Col 1:15-19 Luke 11 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Luke 11:29-32 The Last Sign - John MacArthur Related Passages: Matthew 12:42+ “The Queen of the South will rise up with this generation at the judgment and will condemn it, because she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, something greater than Solomon is here. A QUEEN "CONDEMNS" THE WICKED GENERATION The Queen of the South will rise up with the men of this generation (genea) at the judgment and condemn them, because she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold (idou), something greater than Solomon is here - The Queen is the Queen of Sheba (modern day Yemen - see 1Ki 10:1-13 - see commentary), This is a sad commentary on the spiritual state of Israel, for here a Gentile who was a woman and a pagan (all three hated by the Jews!) is more open to the true God than most of Israel. Unlike Israel, she did not say "Show me another sign and I will believe!" In fact Solomon performed no miracles (much like Jonah) and unlike the Queen of Sheba the Jews did not come from what Jews considered to be the ends of the earth! Jesus came to them with even greater wisdom then Solomon, the wisest man of his time!
Lucas 11
Hendriksen - The figure is easy to understand. When a person’s eyes (sing. “eye” here for plural) are in good condition, the entire body “will be illumined,” will know exactly what to do. The foot will know where to step. The hand will realize how to take hold, etc. The opposite is true when, through some illness, a person’s eyes do not function properly. Such a person will be groping in the dark. Those bodily organs over which he would normally exercise conscious control will now refuse to function properly. They are, as it were, “in the dark” as to what to do. So also when a person’s inner disposition is right, having been sanctified by the Holy Spirit, his entire personality will be illumined. He will possess the true knowledge of God, will experience peace of mind that passes all understanding, and will be able to thank the Lord for joy unspeakable and full of glory. On the contrary, when his heart is not right with God, this lamentable condition will also affect his entire personality. Instead of spiritual progress there will be spiritual retardation and deterioration. (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke) Nelson's NKJV Study Bible has an application of Jesus' words - It has been said that “you are what you eat.” But even more accurately, you are what you see. This is why David said, “I will set nothing wicked (worthless - Hebrew = belial) before my eyes” (Ps. 101:3). A person who concentrates on what is good (God's teaching) is healthy. But a person who focuses on what is bad (the false teaching of the world) is full of darkness.
Lucas 11
Hendriksen - It is important to notice that while in Lk 11:19, 20 Jesus was addressing his audience as a whole, using the plural you and your, he now directs his attention to each person individually, and binds it on the conscience of each to ask himself whether the light of the gospel has brought about a genuine, deep, inner change in his heart and life; that is, whether he now truly loves God and the neighbor, so that the fruits of the Holy Spirit are evident in his life; or whether perhaps even that which he considers to be light is actually darkness....There are two kinds of darkness: (a) that of ignorance, and (b) that of stubborn unbelief. The second kind, here in view, is by far the more dangerous. It was that kind of darkness which reigned in the hearts of those who hated Jesus. Once present, it is hard to dislodge. “Watch out, therefore.”(Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke)
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Hendriksen - “You fools.” Whether, as English equivalent, we prefer “You fools” or “You foolish ones,” either way, would a modern audience approve of being addressed in this manner? We should remember, however, that Christ’s all-seeing “eyes” were able to do what today’s ministers cannot do. Those eyes were able to penetrate to the very depths of human hearts. Accordingly, the passage cannot mean that any clergyman now has the right to call the members of his congregation “fools.” On the other hand, it is also true that there are times when a faithful minister will have to use language that is not exactly complimentary. The result? The following summarizes what actually happened in the case of a pastor who was bidding farewell to his congregation. A certain lady shook his hand very firmly and, with tear-filled eyes, remarked, “No minister has ever hurt me as much as you did. Thanks be to God. I needed it!” (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke) To restrict one's holiness to the external is to wholly shortcut God's holiness. Did not He Who made the outside make the inside also - Even a foolish Pharisee could grasp this simple truth, that God made the outside (the body we see) and the inside (the soul we cannot see). He made them both. The implication is clear, the One Who made you is concerned about the outside and the inside. The Pharisees thought the external rituals made them holy, but failed to reflect on the fact that God is holy and so He is concerned about both the outside and the inside of those who call themselves "holy." To restrict one's holiness to the external is to wholly shortcut God's holiness. Jesus statement implies that the Pharisees know "deep inside" that is, in their soul, they are not holy. Paul explains this in (1 Cor 2:11+) asking (rhetorically) "who among men knows the thoughts of a man except the spirit of the man which is in him?" So all men know what they are like on the interior, at the heart level. And yet what were the Pharisees focused on, their internal heart condition or their external behavior? And of course the answer Jesus says is they were focused on the externals of religion and devoid of the internal relationship with God. And that is why Jesus justifiably called them foolish! These men who were supposedly teachers of the Law ignored the repeated teaching in the Old Testament that God had always been interested in man's heart. David could not have stated it more clearly then when he wrote "For Thou dost not delight in sacrifice (EXTERNAL), otherwise I would give it; Thou art not pleased with burnt offering. The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; A broken and a contrite heart (INTERNAL), O God, Thou wilt not despise." (Ps 51:16-17+, cf King Josiah's tender heart in 2 Ki 11:19) C. R. Erdman - Jesus declared that to wash the body while the heart is impure is as absurd as to clean the outside of an unclean cup or platter. He declared that God who made the body created the soul also, and that God is more concerned with the latter than with the former. (Luke 11 Commentary) Leon
Lucas 11
Hendriksen adds the following differences between the woes in Luke 11 and Matthew 23 Those reported by Luke were addressed to Pharisees (Lk 11:42–44) and law-experts, scribes (Lk 11:46, 47, 52). Those reported by Matthew 23, though also directed to the scribes and Pharisees, were addressed “to the crowds and to Christ’s disciples.” Those found in Luke 11 were spoken somewhat earlier than those found in Matthew 23 (the latter on Tuesday of Passion Week). The six in Luke 11 were pronounced in a home, the seven in Mt 23 in the temple. (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke) For - term of explanation - Explaining why He is crying Woe to the Pharisees. You pay tithe (apodekatoo) of mint and rue ("herb of grace") and every kind of garden herb - These hypocrites are majoring on the minors! They were ridiculously meticulous on minutiae! They were punctilious regarding the petty! Imagine the burden of detailed counting of seeds and stems, not to mention how foolish this was! There were no such onerous rules related to the tithe in the Old Testament. They added to the Scripture, which is never a good thing to do (cf Pr 30:6) Jesus emphasizes their fastidious attention to external details, details which are not mentioned in Lev. 27:30–33; Dt. 14:22–29; 2 Chr 31:5–12). However Jesus' statement without neglecting the others in context could be interpreted as a reference to their herbal tithing. In other words Jesus may not necessarily have condemned them for their tithe of minutiae. Alternatively, Jesus may be referring to the tithing clearly stated in Lev 27:30-33 because that text makes no mention of tiny herbs.
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Hendriksen - Thus seated a person enjoyed the double advantage of (a) being near the person reading or leading in prayer, and (b) being able to see everybody. Besides, being ushered to such a seat was regarded as a mark of honor.As to “the formal salutations in the market places,” this indicates not a mere cheery “hello” but a demonstration of respect, an elaborate verbal recognition of the prominence of the person(s) addressed. (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke) The respectful greetings (aspasmos) in the market places (agora) - Matthew adds they loved "being called Rabbi by men." (Mt 23:7) The Hebrew word "rabbi" is transliterated from the Hebrew and literally meant literally "my great one" or "my lord" but was used as a respectful term of address for a scribe or one recognized as an outstanding teacher of the law, especially heads of rabbinical schools. So it was clearly a term of prestige which is what these prideful Pharisees insatiably craved.
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Hendriksen - According to a Jewish custom, just before the arrival of vast caravans of people traveling to Jerusalem to attend the Passover, graves were whitewashed. The reason this was done was that they might be clearly visible, so that no one would ceremonially defile himself by walking over a grave. But at times some graves were inadvertently left unwashed, unmarked. (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke) The people who (present tense = continually) walk (peripateo) over them are (absolutely) unaware of it - The OT forbade touching a corpse. The Jews added to the Scripture and broadened this law to also forbid contact with a grave. Thus graves were marked to prevent accidental ceremonial defilement. Jesus is comparing the Pharisees to unmarked tombs, indicating any contact with the false, legalistic teaching of the Pharisees would bring spiritual defilement. Having led the people astray, the Pharisees were like unmarked graves, defiling the souls of those who came into contact with them. Graves spoke of death, which was a picture of the effect of the teaching of the Pharisees! The sad irony is that their teaching which should have effected an opening of the hearer's eyes and given spiritual light and life had the exact opposite effect of causing spiritual death! Jesus alluded to the effect of their false teaching in Matthew declaring "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you travel about on sea and land to make one proselyte (persuade God-fearers to become full converts to Judaism by undergoing circumcision); and when he becomes one, you make him twice as much a son of hell (literally "child of gehenna") as yourselves. (Mt 23:15) Comment: They not only shut men out of the true kingdom (Mt 23:13), but they turned them into children of gehenna, the place of eternal punishment! In other words, their eternal destination was eternal destruction! Woe to teachers who do this! Here is an OT passage related to dead bodies... Numbers 19:11-16+ ‘The one who touches the corpse of any person shall be unclean for seven days. 12 ‘That one shall purify himself from uncleanness with the water on the third day and on the seventh day, and then he will be clean; but if he does not purify himself on the third day and on the seventh day, he will not be clean. 13 ‘Anyone who touches a corpse, the body of a man who has died, and does not purify himself, defiles the tabernacle of the LORD; and that person shall be cut off from Israel. Because the water for impurity was not sprinkled on him, he shall be unclean; his uncleanness is still on him. 14 ‘This is the law when a man dies in a tent: everyone who comes into the tent and everyone who is in the tent shall be unclean for seven days. 15 ‘Every open vessel, which has no covering tied down on it, shall be unclean. 16 ‘Also, anyone who in the open field touches one who has been slain with a sword or who has died naturally, or a human bone or a grave, shall be unclean for seven days. NET Note - In Judaism to come into contact with the dead or what is associated with them, even without knowing it, makes one unclean (Num 19:11–22; Lev 21:1–3; Mishnah, m. Demai 2:3). To Pharisees, who would have been so sensitive about contracting ceremonial uncleanness, it would have been quite a stinging rebuke to be told they caused it!
Lucas 11
Hendriksen - In reality all six woes were meant for the Pharisees and the law-experts, but Nos. 4, 5, and 6 were more directly aimed at the men who had made the study of the law, in the light of tradition (!), their main field of interest. (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke)
Lucas 11
Hendriksen - The question is asked, “But was it fair to punish the Jews of Christ’s time for the blood that had been unrighteously shed ‘since the founding of the world’?” The biblical answer is that responsibility increases with the years. Every new generation that fails to take to heart the lessons of the preceding generation is adding to its own guilt and therefore also to the severity of its punishment. This is clear, for example, from such passages as Prov. 29:1; Jer. 7:16; Ezek. 14:14; Luke 13:34. And see especially Dan. 5:22. (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke) Henry Morris on since the foundation of the world - It is important to note that the blood of God's prophets (beginning with Abel) has been shed "from the foundation of the world," not beginning four billion years after the foundation of the world. This is an incidental, yet striking, confirmation that the world was created from start to finish in six literal days (Mark 10:6). May be charged (ekzeteo) against this generation (genea) - This speaks of a judgment which is just. The generation of Israel which He had already classified as a wicked (actively seeking to injure) generation (Lk 11:29-note). Leon
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Hendriksen - Between Abel and Zechariah ever so many other righteous men had been murdered in cold blood. And even while Jesus was saying this, Israel, by and large, had not repented. In fact, as is clear from 11:53, 54, while Jesus was saying these things the hearts of the scribes and the Pharisees were filled with wrath, vengeance, murder, the murder of the very One who was addressing them! Looking again at this entire passage (verses 49–51), one can hardly fail to be impressed by the marvelous manner in which the divine decree and human responsibility are intertwined here, each receiving its due. Cf. Luke 22:22; Acts 2:23. (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke) Steven
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Hendriksen - For salvation by trust in God, hence in Jesus Christ whom he sent, they have substituted salvation by obedience to countless man-made regulations and hairsplitting stipulations. For the real key to the true knowledge of God as revealed in Scripture, hence also to the palace of salvation, see such passages as Matt. 3:2; 4:17; 11:28–30; John 3:16; Rom. 3:24; then also Matt. 23:23; Luke 10:27; 11:42; 1 Cor. 10:31. But these men have substituted work-righteousness for salvation by grace through faith. By this method they are shutting out themselves and those who might otherwise have entered. See also John 14:6 and Hos. 4:6. Woe to them! (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke) NET Note You have taken away the key to knowledge is another stinging rebuke. They had done the opposite of what they were trying to do. Leon
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Hendriksen - Being violently enraged against him, they ply him with questions, hoping by this method to draw out of him some unguarded utterance, an indiscreet statement, which they would then be able to use in framing a charge against him. So intense is their hatred, so vicious their attack, that they are, as it were, lying in ambush in order to catch him. They are trying to hunt him down, as if he were a wild beast. Their curiosity about him has turned into deadly aversion. (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke) Leifeld - He had challenged those who professed to be the expert biblical teachers. They were out to defend their reputation by discrediting His. (Ibid) The word catch (thereuo) is used only here in the NT and means literally to hunt or to catch and metaphorically, of using treachery to gain advantage over someone who makes a mistake and to to catch them off guard and making a mistake. These wicked wordsmiths are trying to get Jesus to condemn Himself with His own words. We see this theme of the religious leaders trying to catch Jesus: Luke 6:11 But they themselves were filled with rage, and discussed together what they might do to Jesus. Luke 19:47 And He was teaching daily in the temple; but the chief priests and the scribes and the leading men among the people were trying to destroy Him, 48 and they could not find anything that they might do, for all the people were hanging on to every word He said. Luke 20:19 The scribes and the chief priests tried to lay hands on Him that very hour, and they feared the people; for they understood that He spoke this parable against them. 20 So they watched Him, and sent spies who pretended to be righteous, in order that they might catch Him in some statement, so that they could deliver Him to the rule and the authority of the governor. Luke 22:2 The chief priests and the scribes were seeking how they might put Him to death; for they were afraid of the people. Having utterly failed to do so, they were forced to bring in false, lying witnesses against Jesus at His trial Now the chief priests and the whole Council kept trying to obtain false testimony against Jesus, so that they might put Him to death. They did not find any, even though many false witnesses came forward. But later on two came forward, and said, “This man stated, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and to rebuild it in three days.’” (Matt. 26:59–61). John
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Hendriksen - When he left there, the scribes and the Pharisees began to be violently enraged against him, and to ply him with questions, plotting, as if in ambush, to catch him with respect to something (that might fall) from his lips. (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke) began to be very hostile Ps 22:12,13; Isa 9:12 and to question Him closely on many subjects Lk 20:20,27; Jeremiah 18:18; 20:10; 1 Cor 13:5 Luke 11 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Luke 11:51-54 What's Missing in False Religion, Part 2 - John MacArthur JESUS' DIATRIBE INCITES A HOSTILE REACTION When He left there - Left His luncheon with the Pharisee. Notice that the luncheon guests followed after Him. They were not going to let His warning of condemnation be the last word, and certainly were not about to go down without a fight as we might say today. A T
Lucas 11
Hendriksen - “The scribes and the Pharisees began to be violently enraged against him.” Why? For the answer see Luke 18:9, 11, 12. Jesus had exposed the depths of their sinful nature. When that happens, hearers frequently divide into two groups: (a) some would like to stone the minister; (b) others, by God’s grace, cry out, “O God, be merciful to me, the sinner.” (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke) To question Him closely (apostomatizo) on many subjects - NLT paraphrases it "tried to provoke Him with many questions." Their questioning Jesus in an attempt to trap Him was an outworking of their inner seething hostility toward Him. Liefeld - His series of woes made the violent hostility against him described in Lk 11:53-54 inevitable. His opponents followed him out of the house and fired at him a barrage of difficult questions (Lk 11:53), such as those later used to embarrass rabbinic scholars. (Borrow The Expositor's Bible Commentary )