1 Crônicas 22
Bob Utley · You Can Understand the Bible
1 Crônicas 22
NJB (LXX versing) David Prepares for Temple Building David Prepares to Build the Temple David Makes the Preparations for the Construction of the Temple Preparations for Building the Temple Preparations for the Building of the Temple 22:1 22:1-5 22:2-5 22:2-5 22:2-5 22:2-4 Solomon Charged with the Task 22:5-16 22:6-16 22:6-16 22:6-16 22:6-10 22:11-16 22:17-19 22:17-19 22:17-19 22:17-23:1 22:17-19 Etc. CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTS Much of the detail of this chapter is unique (i.e., David's private words to Solomon and his public admonition to the leaders). It is obvious that the Chronicler used a copy of the biblical book of Kings as one of his sources. The Chronicler lived in the post-exilic period. The rebuilding of the temple was a major concern. He used the life and message of David to encourage the people of his day to also support the second temple. Notice the recurrent connection between covenant obedience and rest/peace/prosperity (i.e., Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 27-30).
1 Crônicas 22:1
22:1 This verse should go with 1 Chronicles 21 (see NRSV, TEV, NJB). ▣ NASB, LXX, Peshitta "This is the house. . ." "This is the house. . ." "Here shall be the house. . ." "This is where the Temple. . ." "This is to be the house. . ." "Here will be the House. . ." The difference in these translations comes from a DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE (BDB 260) and an EMPHATIC NOUN (BDB 214). ▣ "the altar of burnt offering" This refers to the altar David had just built on Ornan's threshing floor (i.e., Mt. Moriah, cf. 2 Chr. 3:1 and Josephus, Antiq. 7.13.4), which later became the site of Solomon's temple. SPECIAL TOPIC: BURNT OFFERINGS SPECIAL TOPIC: ALTAR OF SACRIFICE
1 Crônicas 22:2-5
22:2 "the foreigners" Apparently this (BDB 158) refers to skilled workers from King Hiram of Tyre who built David's palace (cf. 2 Sam. 5:11) and now Solomon's Temple (cf. 1 Kgs. 5:6,18; 2 Chr. 2:12-14) forced laborers from those nations defeated by David (cf. 1 Kgs. 9:20-22; 2 Chr. 2:17-18; 8:7-10) forced laborers from the tribes of Israel mentioned in 1 Kgs. 5:13-16; 11:28 All three groups are mentioned in 1 Kgs. 5:19. Solomon's temple was basically a design common in Phoenicia. ▣ "the land of Israel" Surprisingly this phrase (the land [erets] of Israel) is used by the Chronicler only four times to denote a godly reign throughout the Promised Land. David ‒ 1 Chr. 22:2 Solomon ‒ 2 Chr. 2:17 Hezekiah ‒ 2 Chr. 30:25 Josiah ‒ 2 Chr. 34:7 SPECIAL TOPIC: LAND, COUNTRY, EARTH 22:3 "large quantities of iron" Iron technology was unique to the Philistines (cf. 1 Sam. 13:19-22). So, the fact that David had gathered much iron demonstrates the subjugation of the Philistines (cf. 1 Chr. 18:11).
1 Crônicas 22:6-16
22:5 Notice how David characterizes the temple. exceedingly magnificent famous glorious Its renown is to be throughout all lands (i.e., Isa. 2:2-4; 56:6-8). This temple was for both Israel and the world (cf. 1 Kings 8). It showed the glory of Israel's God! SPECIAL TOPIC: YHWH'S ETERNAL REDEMPTIVE PLAN 22:7 "to the name of the Lord my God" This is repeated in 1 Chr. 22:10,19. SPECIAL TOPIC: "THE NAME" OF YHWH (OT) 22:8 The reason for David not being allowed to build the temple was his violent reign (cf. 1 Chr. 17:4; 28:3). From Deut. 12:10 the added element of "rest" from all your enemies is stressed. David set the stage in two ways. rest from enemies provisions for the construction (i.e., 1 Chr. 22:14-16) 22:9 Solomon's reign will be characterized as a period of "rest" (NASB). The MT has a play on the word "peace." a man of peace (BDB 629) YHWH will give him peace (BDB 628, KB 679, Hiphil PERFECT with waw) YHWH will give (BDB 678,, KB 733, Qal IMPERFECT) him peace (BDB 1022) YHWH will give him quiet (BDB 1052) SPECIAL TOPIC: PEACE (OT) ▣ "his name shall be Solomon" His name (BDB 1024) means "peace" (BDB 1022). This special divine naming is similar to the angel in Matt. 1:21 naming Jesus (Aramaic) Jeshua (Hebrew), meaning YHWH ‒ salvation. A VERB must be supplied to link the two NOUNS (i.e., "is" or "brings," etc.), which is common in Hebrew names. 22:10 This reflects the great promises of 2 Samuel 7 and 1 Chronicles 17 (also note 1 Chr. 28:5-7). This surely reflects an eschatological orientation! SPECIAL TOPIC: THE SON OF GOD SPECIAL TOPIC: THE FATHERHOOD OF GOD SPECIAL TOPIC: THE KINGDOM OF GOD SPECIAL TOPIC: FOREVER ('olam) SPECIAL TOPIC: OT TITLES OF THE SPECIAL COMING ONE SPECIAL TOPIC: THE DEITY OF CHRIST FROM THE OT 22:11 "the Lord be with you" This covenant phrase reappears in 1 Chr. 22:16 and again in 1 Chr. 28:20. It first appears in Moses' encouragement to Joshua (cf. Deut. 31:6,8,23; Jos. 1:5,9). YHWH's personal presence "was" the victory and prosperity! But note, covenant obedience is crucial to maintain His presence (cf. 1 Chr. 22:11,12,13; 29:19). It is a conditional covenant (i.e., Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 28). SPECIAL TOPIC: COVENANT 22:12-13 These verses clearly and repeatedly emphasize the conditional nature of the covenant. the JUSSIVE of 1 Chr. 22:11a (cf. 1 Chr. 29:19) that you may keep the law, 1 Chr. 22:12 that he may have discretion and understanding given by YHWH (BDB 678, KB 733, Qal IMPERFECT used in a JUSSIVE sense if you are careful to observe the statutes and ordinances, 1 Chr. 22:13 YHWH wants a ruler and a people who reflect His character to a pagan world to draw them to Himself. SPECIAL TOPIC: KEEP SPECIAL TOPIC: YHWH'S ETERNAL REDEMPTIVE PLAN ▣ "law. . .statutes and ordinances" See SPECIAL TOPIC: TERMS FOR GOD'S REVELATION. 22:13 "Then you will prosper" This VERB (BDB 852, KB 1026, Hiphil IMPERFECT) denotes two truths. YHWH is the source of prosperity prosperity is linked to covenant obedience, Jos. 1:18; 1 Chr. 22:13; Ps. 1:1-3; Dan. 1:17 it comes to those who seek Him diligently, 2 Chr. 15:2; 26:5 The wicked prosper for only a short season (cf. Psalm 37; Jer. 5:20-29; 12:1-4; Dan. 11:27). SPECIAL TOPIC: WEALTH ▣ "Be strong and courageous" These are both Qal IMPERATIVES. BDB 304, KB 302 BDB 54, KB 65 Moses spoke these same commands to all Israel, Deut. 31:6 Joshua, Deut. 31:7 YHWH spoke these things to Joshua in Deut. 31:23; Jos. 1:6,7,9. ▣ "do not fear nor be dismayed" These are both Qal IMPERFECTS used in a JUSSIVE sense. BDB 431, KB 432 BDB 369, KB 365 These words are also found in Jos. 8:1; 10:25; Deut. 1:21; 1 Chr. 28:20; 2 Chr. 20:17. 22:14 NASB, NRSV "with great pains" "I have taken much trouble" "by my efforts" "poor as I am" "by denying myself" LXX, Targums "in accordance to my poverty" "at the cost of some trouble" The MT has "with great pains" (BDB 777), which usually denotes "affliction" or "poverty." BDB suggests, for this context, "in spite of my frustration" (i.e., David not being allowed to build the temple himself). As a result, David did all he could do to provide what was needed for Solomon to build the temple. Solomon began the temple in the fourth year of his reign (cf. 2 Chr. 3:2). He could not have built the temple without David's provisions. ▣ "talents" The precious metals came mostly from David's military victories (cf. 1 Chr. 18:6-8,10-11). SPECIAL TOPIC: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN WEIGHTS AND VOLUMES ▣ The number of talents seems too high. Some scholars have suggested it is literal and comparable to ANE texts (C. F. Keil of Keil and Delitzsch Commentary) a possible textual transmission (Gleason L. Archer, Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties, p. 223) 22:15 "and all men who are skillful in every kind of wood" The ADJECTIVE "skillful," "craftsmen," or "artisan" (DB 314) is from the VERB "to be wise" (BDB 314). It is used of carpenters ‒ 2 Sam. 5:11; 2 Kgs. 12:11; 1 Chr. 14:1; 22:15; Isa. 44:13 masons ‒ 2 Sam. 5:11; 1 Chr. 22:15 jewelers ‒ Exod. 28:11 workers with metals ‒ 1 Kgs. 7:14; 1 Chr. 22:15-16; 29:5 workers with iron (i.e., blacksmith) ‒ 1 Sam. 13:19; Isa. 44:12
1 Crônicas 22:17-19
22:17 "leaders of Israel" Originally this word (BDB 978) referred to military leaders ‒ Gen. 21:22; Jdgs. 4:7; 7:25; 8:3; 1 Sam. 18:30; 29:3,4,9; 1 Kgs. 15:20 tribal leaders ‒ Num. 21:18; Jdgs. 5:15; 10:18; 1 Chr. 27:22; 28:1; 29:6; 2 Chr. 24:23 royal counselor ‒ Gen. 12:15; Num. 22:8; Isa. 34:12; Amos 2:3 priests ‒ Ezra 8:24,29; 10:5; 1 Chr. 15:16,22; 2 Chr. 35:9; 36:14 Only the immediate context can identify which option. 22:19 David commands Israel to set your heart and soul to seek the Lord ‒ BDB 678, KB 733, Qal IMPERATIVE For "heart" see SPECIAL TOPIC: HEART. For "soul" see note online at Ezek. 18:4. arise ‒ BDB 877, KB 1086, Qal IMPERATIVE build the sanctuary (BDB 874, also called "the house," BDB 108) ‒ BDB 124, KB 139, Qal IMPERATIVE ▣ "to seek" This is BDB 205, KB 233, Qal INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT. It denotes a longing and drawing of oneself to God. There are two parallel Hebrew roots (both used in Deut. 4:29 and 1 Chr. 16:10,11; 2 Chr. 15:2,4,12,13,15) used to express this worship desire. seek ‒ BDB 205, KB 233, cf. Deut. 12:5; 1 Chr. 22:19; 28:8-9; 2 Chr. 12:14; 14:4,7; 17:3-4; 19:3; 20:3; 25:5; 30:19; 31:21; 34:4; Ps. 9:10; 22:26; 24:6; 34:4;10; 69:32; 77:2; 105:4; 119:2,10 seek ‒ BDB 134, KB 152, cf. 1 Chr. 16:10-11; 2 Chr. 7:14; 11:16; 20:4; 22:9; Ps. 27:4,8; 40:10; 70:4; 83:16 ▣ "the ark of the covenant" See SPECIAL TOPIC: ARK OF THE COVENANT.