Deuteronômio 8
Bob Utley · You Can Understand the Bible
Deuteronômio 8:1-10
8:1 "All the commandments that I am commanding you today" Notice the NOUN (BDB 846) and VERB (BDB 845, KB 1010, Piel PARTICIPLE) are COGNATE (from the same root). ▣ "you shall be careful to do" The VERB (BDB 1036, KB 1581, Qal IMPERFECT, see note at Deut. 6:12) is used often in Deuteronomy (cf. Qal, 4:2,6,9,40; 5:1,10,12,29,32; 6:2,3,17 [twice],25; 7:8,9,11,12 [twice]; 8:1,2,6,11; 10:13; 11:1,8,22[twice],32; Niphal 2:4; 4:9,15,23; 6:12; 8:11; 11:16). This verse shows that a loving covenant relationship and obedience are God's way of blessing humanity and fulfilling His promises (cf. Deut. 8:2,6,16, 18; 4:1). SPECIAL TOPIC: KEEP ▣ "possess the land" See SPECIAL TOPIC: POSSESS THE LAND 8:2 "remember" This VERB (BDB 269, KB 269, Qal PERFECT with waw, cf. Deut. 5:15; 7:18 [twice]; 8:2,18; 9:7,27; 15:15; 16:3,12; 24:9,18,22; 25:17; 32:7), "remember," is used in two ways in the OT. It is covenant humanity's requirement to remember God's acts and His laws. This was a Hebrew idiom, "keep God as priority." It is humanity's request that God not remember our sins. ▣ "in the wilderness" Israel (i.e. rabbinical Midrash) looked back on the wilderness wandering period as the "honeymoon" between YHWH and Israel. God was never closer to His people than during this trying time because they had to depend on Him for everything. Now they were going to have abundance and blessings in the Promised Land. God was warning them to continue to depend on Him because He was and is the source of all things (cf. Deut. 8:18). SPECIAL TOPIC: THE WILDERNESSES OF THE EXODUS ▣ "forty years" This number was often used in a figurative way to designate a long period of time, longer than a lunar cycle (i.e. 28 days). However, at other times it was literal. It is often difficult to know which to choose without other historical or Scriptural information. The wilderness wandering period lasted about 38 years. SPECIAL TOPIC: SYMBOLIC NUMBERS IN SCRIPTURE, #7 ▣ "He might humble you, testing you" Notice the sequence: CONJUNCTION, "in order that" (BDB 775) three Piel INFINITIVE CONSTRUSTS: "to humble" (BDB 776, KB 853, cf. Deut. 8:2,3,16) "to test" (BDB 650, KB 702, cf. Deut. 8:16) "to know" (BDB 393, KB 390, cf. Deut. 8:2[twice],3,[thrice],5,16) God tests (BDB 650, KB 702, Piel INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT, Deut. 8:16; 13:3; Jdgs. 2:22; 3:1,4) us with a view toward strengthening our faith (e.g. Gen. 22:1; Exod. 15:25; 16:4; 20:20; Deut. 8:2,16; 13:3; Jdgs. 2:22; 2 Chr. 32:31 and Matt. 4:1; Heb. 12:5-13). If we are a child of God we will be tested! We are usually tested in the area of our life that is priority to us. Testing is meant to make us more like Christ. The term "humble" (BDB 776, KB 853, Piel INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT) is used in Deut. 8:2,3,16. The OT only calls Moses humble (cf. Num. 12:3; and many times in the Psalms) and the NT calls Jesus humble (cf. Matt. 11:29). God desires a humble and trusting attitude in His people (e.g. Deut. 10:3; Ezra 8:21). The term "heart" is used figuratively of our motives (cf. Deut. 8:2,5,14, and 17). SPECIAL TOPIC: GOD TESTS HIS PEOPLE 8:3 "manna" This (BDB 577 I, the people called it "manna" [Exod. 16:31] from the question of Exod. 16:15, "What is it?" Moses called it "bread from heaven," Exod. 16:4) was God's special provision of food during the wilderness wandering period. It is described in Exod. 16:4, 14-15; 31; Num. 11:7-8, but its exact substance is unknown to us (BDB says it was known to Bedouins in the Sinai and that it was strictly a juice from a certain twig, but this does not fit the biblical description). God provided what they needed for each day, not for a long period of time so the people would learn to trust Him for their daily needs. He does this for new covenant believers also (cf. Matt. 6:11). SPECIAL TOPIC: MANNA ▣ "know" This (BDB 393, KB 390) root is used three times in this verse (see full note at Deut. 4:35): "which you did not know" ‒ Qal PERFECT "nor did your fathers know" ‒ Qal PERFECT "that He might make you understand" ‒ Hiphil INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT SPECIAL TOPIC: KNOW ▣ "that man does not live by bread alone" This is one of the passages Jesus quoted to Satan in His temptation experience in the wilderness (cf. Matt. 4:14; Luke 4:4). Humans need a personal, trusting relationship with God more than anything (e.g. Ps. 42:1-4; 63:1; 143:6, Augustine said there is a god-shaped hole in every person)! The physical is not enough for authentic life (i.e. "by everything that proceeds from the mouth of the Lord"). 8:4 "Your clothing did not wear out on you" Both Rashi (Jewish commentator of the Middle Ages) and Justin Martyr (early church father) asserted that the children's clothing grew as they grew and never wore out (cf. Deut. 29:5 adds neither did their sandals; Neh. 9:21)! What a wonderful expression of God's care for every need. ▣ "nor did your foot swell" This is a rare Hebrew VERB (BDB 130, KB 148, Qal PERFECT, cf. Neh. 9:21) that means "swell." The same root as a NOUN refers to bread rising. This asserts that their physical bodies were also strengthened to withstand the long, hard journey. 8:5 "God was disciplining you just as a man disciplines his son" Here is the specific analogy of YHWH as a loving father (cf. Prov. 3:15). He disciplines us for our own good ( Heb. 12:5-13). SPECIAL TOPIC: FATHERHOOD OF GOD 8:6 "to walk in His ways" This is common biblical imagery for lifestyle (e.g. Deut. 5:33; 8:6; 10:12; 11:22; 19:9; 26:17; 28:9; 30:16; Eph. 4:1,17; 5:2,15). God wants us to live for Him every day. Biblical faith is not a creed, nor a sacramental act, nor a memory lesson nor a systematic theology, but a daily relationship with God. SPECIAL TOPIC: THE PATH, THE WAY ▣ "to fear Him" This Qal INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT is parallel to "to walk." This is the concept of awe and respect (cf. Deut. 4:10; 5:29; 6:2,13,24; 7:19; 8:6; 10:12,20; 13:4; 14:23; 17:19; 31:12-13). SPECIAL TOPIC: FEAR (OT) 8:7-10 This is an emphasis on the value of water to an agricultural society and the fruitfulness of the soil of the Promised Land. In the ancient documents of Mesopotamia, Palestine was known as "the land flowing with milk and honey" (cf. Exod. 3:8,17; 13:5; 33:3; Deut. 6:3; 11:9; 26:9; 27:3; 31:20). It also had tremendous mineral deposits, Deut. 8:9. God's blessings on Israel were meant to create a grateful response (cf. Deut. 8:10). God wants us to enjoy His creation but to remember that He gave it to us. SPECIAL TOPIC: NATURAL RESOURCES 8:10 The first part of this verse is the source of the rabbinical mandate to pray after one has eaten. This type of non-contextual literalism, though pious, has nothing to do with "authorial intent"! SPECIAL TOPIC: RABBINICAL HERMENEUTICAL TECHNIQUES "Bible Interpretation Seminar"
Deuteronômio 8:11-20
8:11 "Beware" This VERB (BDB 1036, KB 1581, Niphal IMPERATIVE, cf. Deut. 5:12; ;8:6; 11:8; 16:1) is translated "keep," "observe," "carefully to do" (see note at Deut. 6:12). It is a call to obedience. SPECIAL TOPIC: KEEP ▣ "forget" This VERB (BDB 1013, KB 1489, Qal IMPERFECT, cf. Deut. 4:9,23,31; 6:12; 8:11,14,19[twice]; 9:7; 25:19) is the opposite of "remember" (cf. Deut. 5:15; 7:18; 8:2,18; 9:7,27; 15:15; 16:3,12; 24:9,18; 25:17; 32:7). This is the tendency of satisfied, fallen mankind, even religious mankind. When we forget God's blessing we deceive ourselves into thinking that we did it ourselves by our own resources (cf. Deut. 8:11-20)! The Giver must be priority, not the gift (cf. Ps. 103:20)! ▣ "the Lord your God" Notice they are to remember God and the proper way to do that is obedience (cf. Luke 6:46). SPECIAL TOPIC: KEEP SPECIAL TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY, C. and D. ▣ "His commandments and His ordinances and His statutes" See SPECIAL TOPIC: TERMS FOR GOD'S REVELATION. 8:13 "multiply" This VERB (BDB 915, KB 1176, Qal IMPERFECT) is repeated three times to show different categories of God's blessings. 8:15 "fiery serpents" It is uncertain if they (ADJECTIVE, BDB 977 I and NOUN BDB 638) have this name because of their color (from VERB) the pain (from poison) of their bite (cf. Numbers 21) SPECIAL TOPIC: SERAPHIM ▣ "He brought water for you out of the rock of flint" This event is recorded in Exod. 17:6 and again in Num. 20;11. Paul, in 1 Cor. 10:4, says this rock was a symbol of God's Messianic provision. 8:16 YHWH tests so as to bless (e.g. Abraham in Genesis 22; Israel in Exod. 20:20; manna in Exod. 16:4). Testing (BDB 650, KB 702) even becomes a prayer in Ps. 26:2 and in different terms, but same thought, in Ps. 139:1,23. SPECIAL TOPIC: GOD TESTS HIS PEOPLE (OT) 8:17 "My power and the strength of my hand made me this wealth" Watch out for self-sufficiency and pride (cf. Deut. 8:11-20; James 4:13-17). SPECIAL TOPIC: YHWH'S GRACE ACTS TO ISRAEL 8:18 "you shall remember" See note at Deut. 7:18. ▣ "His covenant which He swore to your fathers" The Conquest was the culmination of YHWH's redemptive plan going back to Gen. 3:15; 12:1-3; 26:24; 28:13-15. This phrase becomes a repeated affirmation in Deuteronomy (cf. Deut. 1:8; 6:10; 8:18; 9:5,27; 29:13; 30:20; 34:4). The VERB (BDB 989, KB 1396) is a Niphal PERFECT, which in covenant promises can be PASSIVE or REFLEXIVE (e.g. Gen. 12:3). SPECIAL TOPIC: COVENANT PROMISES TO THE PATRIARCHS SPECIAL TOPIC: YHWH'S ETERNAL REDEMPTIVE PLAN 8:19 The results of disobedience are as plain as the result of obedience! Notice the VERBS "go after" (BDB 229, KB 246, Qal PERFECT with waw), "serve" (BDB 712, KB 773, Qal PERFECT), and "worship" (BDB 1005, KB 295, Hishtpaphel PERFECT with waw) are parallel. ▣ "if you ever forget the Lord" "if you by any means forget the Lord" NRSV, JPSOA, Peshitta "if you do forget the Lord" "Never forget the Lord" "Be sure, if you forget Yahweh" "if by forgetting you forget" The construction is the VERB "forget" (BDB 1013, KB 1485) repeated, an INFINITIVE ABSOLUTE followed by a Qal IMPERFECT of the same Hebrew root. This construction is an Hebraic method of emphasis. This same form is seen with "perish" in Deut. 8:19. SPECIAL TOPIC: CONSEQUENCES OF IDOLATRY 8:20 "you shall perish" Notice that in Deut. 8:19 and 20 the VERB "perish" (BDB 1, KB 2) is used four times (INFINITIVE ABSOLUTE in Deut. 8:19; Qal IMPERFECT twice in Deut. 8:19 and 20, and a Hiphil PARTICIPLE in Deut. 8:20). This is a common word of warning in Deuteronomy. It is used in several ways: God will destroy the Israelites if they do not obey His covenant ‒ Deut. 4:26 (twice); 8:19,20; 9:3; 11:17; 28:20,22,51,63; 30:18 (twice). God commands Israel to completely destroy the Canaanites ‒ Deut. 7:24; 8:20; 12:2,3. God will destroy those who hate Him ‒ Deut. 7:10. God destroyed the Egyptian Army ‒ Deut. 11:4 Israel will be put under the consequences to "holy war" if she violates the covenant (Leviticus 26 and Deuteronomy 27-29)! God is no respecter of persons! There are grave consequences for disobedience as well as great benefits for obedience. Privilege brings responsibility! "To whom much is given, much is required" (cf. Luke 12:48)!