Salmos 61
Bob Utley · You Can Understand the Bible
Salmos 61
CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTS This is obviously a royal Psalm (cf. Ps. 61:6). How God deals with the King represents how He deals with the nation (cf. Ps. 61:5). At first, Ps. 61:2 seems to imply exile but the rest of the Psalm does not support this. Therefore, Ps. 61:2a must be imagery of the King's sense of spiritual alienation. This Psalm has several memorable images of God. the rock that is higher than I You have been a refuge for me You have been a tower of strength let me dwell in Your tent forever let me take refuge in the shelter of Your wings
Salmos 61:1-4
61:1 Two parallel IMPERATIVES OF REQUEST start this Psalm (cf. Ps. 86:6; Isa. 28:23; 49:1; 51:4; Jer. 18:19; Dan. 9:19; Hosea 5:1). hear my cry – BDB 1033, KB 1570, Qal IMPERATIVE give heed to my prayer – BDB 904, KB 1151, Hiphil IMPERATIVE ▣ "cry" "Cry" (BDB 943) can refer to shouts of joy or, as here, a cry for help and protection (cf. Ps. 17:1; 88:2; 106:44; 119:169; 142:6). 61:2 In Ps. 61:2 the psalmist says, "From the end of the earth I call to You." This sounds like a prayer of an exiled person but the rest of the Psalm does not support this. Therefore, it must be imagery of a sense of alienation by the psalmist. The word "earth" can, in this context, be understood as "land" (i.e., Promised Land), see SPECIAL TOPIC: LAND, COUNTRY, EARTH. Words have meaning only in context! The AB understands the phrase to refer to Sheol (p. 84). This is based on Ugaritic parallels. If so, the psalmist faced death, not just discouragement. SPECIAL TOPIC: SHEOL, I. B. ▣ NASB, NKJV, NRSV, NJB, Peshitta, JPSOA "Lead me to"" "Set me on" "on a rock. . ." "take me to" The MT has the VERB "lead" (BDB 634, KB 685, Hiphil IMPERFECT. You will lead me ‒ תנחני You will set me ‒ תנחני Only the vowels are different. So, the question is, "What is the allusion to?" God Himself, #1 God's stronghold, #2 The UBS Text Project, p. 279, gives option #1 an "A" rating. ▣ "the rock that is higher than I" The title, "rock" reflects two Hebrew roots (BDB 849 and 700 I). The title first (BDB 849) appears in Deut. 32:4,15,18,30,31. Notice how it is expressed. the Rock – Deut. 32:4,15,18,30,31 the Rock of his salvation – Deut. 32:15; 2 Sam. 22:47; Ps. 89:26; 95:1 the Rock who begot you – Deut. 32:18 their Rock sold them – Deut. 32:30 their rock is not like our Rock – Deut. 32:31 there is no rock like our God – 1 Sam. 2:2 YHWH is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer – Ps. 18:2; 31:3; 71:3; 94:22 My God, my rock, in whom I take refuge – Ps. 18:2; 28:1; Isa. 17:10 who is a rock, except our God – Ps. 18:31 YHWH lives, and blessed be my rock – Ps. 18:46 my rock and my redeemer – Ps. 19:14 my rock (BDB 700 I) – Ps. 42:9 my rock and there is no unrighteousness in Him – Ps. 92:15 blessed be YHWH, my rock – Ps. 144:1 YHWH an everlasting Rock – Isa. 26:4 to the mountain of YHWH, to the Rock of Israel – Isa. 30:29 is there any other Rock? – Isa. 44:8 BDB 700 I occurs only in Ps. 18:2; 42:9. It literally means "rocky crag," but is a synonym of BDB 849 (both used in Ps. 18:2). This imagery has several possible origins. the mountain roots or pillars connected to creation the site of YHWH's giving of the law to Israel (Exodus 19-20, Mt. Sinai) the temple on Mt. Moriah (see SPECIAL TOPIC: MORIAH) the strength and permanency of physical mountains mountains are the highest point, closest to heaven where God dwells ▣ "higher than I" This could mean several things. the rock that provides salvation and refuge that the psalmist cannot provide himself the rock he is unable to climb or possibly understand (i.e., God's permanency) the contrast between God's exalted place and the psalmist's place of discouragement (i.e., when my heart is faint) The LXX and Peshitta have, "You left me upon a rock." 61:3 Much of the imagery used to describe God has military connotations. a refuge linked to a shield in 2 Sam. 22:31; Ps. 18:30; Prov. 30:5 a refuge linked to a stronghold in Ps. 59:16 here a refuge linked to a "tower of strength" (cf. Prov. 18:10) in Ps. 62:7, "the rock of my strength" SPECIAL TOPIC: REFUGE 61:4 Psalm 61:4 has two COHORTATIVE VERBS. let me dwell in Your tent – BDB 157, KB 184, Qal COHORTATIVE, cf. Ps. 27:5; 31:20; 32:7 let me take refuge in the shelter of Your wings – BDB 340, KB 337, Qal IMPERFECT used in a COHORTATIVE sense (see SPECIAL TOPIC: SHADOW AS METAPHOR FOR PROTECTION AND CARE) As Ps. 61:3 has military imagery, 61:4 has imagery related to the temple or possibly "rock" in Ps. 61:2. The imagery of Ps. 61:4a is also found in Ps. 23:6; 27:4. The term "forever" is PLURAL, which accentuates the concept (see SPECIAL TOPIC: FOREVER ['olam]). I think in this OT Wisdom Literature context it denotes a happy, long life in temple fellowship (i.e., tent) with YHWH (cf. Ps. 23:6). ▣ "in the shelter of Your wings" This is female imagery of God as a protective mother bird (cf. Matt. 23:37; Luke 13:34). See notes at Ps. 17:8 and SPECIAL TOPIC: SHADOW AS METAPHOR FOR PROTECTION AND CARE. ▣ "Selah" See notes at Ps. 3:2 and Intro. to Psalms, VII.
Salmos 61:5-8
61:5-8 This strophe relates to the King as a representative of YHWH's covenant people. The King has made vows (i.e., faith promises) to YHWH. See SPECIAL TOPIC: HITTITE (SUZERAIN) TREATIES YHWH has given him/Israel the land (i.e., inheritance, cf. Gen. 15:12-21) of Canaan to those who fear Him. See SPECIAL TOPIC: FEAR (OT) YHWH will prolong the King's life (i.e., royal hyperboles). The King will sit enthroned before God forever (obviously "forever" is not eternal but prolonged days). Be careful of reading NT developed theology back into Hebrew terms (royal hyperbole). See SPECIAL TOPIC: FOREVER ('olam) YHWH appoints (BDB 584, KB 599, Piel IMPERATIVE, prayer request) "lovingkindness and truth" (personified agents, cf. Ps. 40:11; 57:3; 89:14 "goodness and mercy" in Ps. 23:6 "light" and "truth" in Ps. 43:3) This same concept is stated in Prov. 20:28. To uphold the King is to uphold Israel. 61:5 The MT has "the inheritance" (BDB 440, KB 442, LXX, Peshitta), which refers to the land of Canaan divided among the tribes in Joshua 12-19. However, the JPSOA and REB suggest an emendation to "desire" (cf. Ps. 21:2). the inheritance of. . . ‒ ירשׁת the desire of. . . ‒ ארשׁת (BDB 77, which JPSOA thinks is an alternate form of root #1) The UBS Text Project, p. 280, gives option #1 an "A" rating. ▣ "those who fear Your name" The NIDOTTE, vol. 2, p. 531, has a good comment about "those who fear Your name." They represent the faithful followers (cf. Ps. 15:4; 25:12,14; 103:11,13; 118:4). NIDOTTE adds a list of slightly different forms. those who fear You – Ps. 31:19 those who fear Him – Ps. 34:7 those who fear Your name – Ps. 61:5 those who fear God – Ps. 66:16 SPECIAL TOPIC: FEAR (OT) SPECIAL TOPIC: "THE NAME" OF YHWH 61:7 "He will abide" The VERB (BDB 442, KB 444, Qal IMPERFECT, cf. Ps. 23:6) is a statement, but it is surely possible that this IMPERFECT is used in a JUSSIVE sense, meaning it is a prayer request (cf. JPSOA, NET). 61:8 Because of God's goodness to the King and Israel, the King will sing praises (BDB 274, KB 273, Piel COHORTATIVE) to Him. Again the use of "forever" must be seen as imagery for a long, successful reign. The King's faith promises ("vows") are honored, performed, and fulfilled in the temple. This close is similar to Ps. 30:12, thereby denoting a set ritual (i.e., thank offering) or liturgy (connected to offering, cf. Ps. 7:17).