João 18

João 18

(John Commentaries) Charts from Jensen's Survey of the NT - used by permission Another Chart from Charles Swindoll John 18:1 When Jesus had spoken these [words], He went forth with His disciples over the ravine of the Kidron, where there was a garden, in which He entered with His disciples. spoken: John 13:31-35 14:1-17:26 he: John 14:31 Mt 26:36 Mk 14:32 Lu 22:39,40 the brook: 2Sa 15:23 1Ki 15:13 2Ki 23:6,12 2Ch 15:16 30:14 Jer 31:40, Kidron a garden: John 18:26 Ge 2:15 3:23 Alfred Edersheim - Gethsemane - Matt. 26:30–56; Mark 14:26–52; Luke 22:31–53; John 18:1–11 James Stalker's classic Trial and Arrest of Jesus Christ - 1. THE ARREST Matt. 26:47–56; Mark 14:43–50; Luke 22:47–53; John 18:1–11. UPPER ROOM > KIDRON VALLEY > GARDEN Source: ESV Study Bible ACROSS THE KIDRON VALLEY TO THE GARDEN OF GETHSEMANE A SIMPLE OUTLINE: Jn 18:1-11 The Betrayal and Arrest of Jesus Jn 18:12-14 Jesus before Anna and Caiaphas, high priest Jn 18:15-18 Peter's first denial of Jesus Jn 18:19-24 High priest questions Jesus Jn 18:25-27 Peter's second and third denial of Jesus Jn 18:28-38a Jesus before Pilate Jn 18:38b-19:7 Jesus sentenced to die Recall the purpose of John's Gospel - "these have been written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing you may have life in His name." (Jn 20:31+) Rod Mattoon - The scarlet thread of God’s redemption that flows through Old Testament pictures begins to puddle in John 18. In John 18, man will serve his worst to God and the Lord will respond with His best. Sin will abound, but grace will much more abound.....In John’s account, several facts are omitted that are found in other Gospel accounts, because they are not necessary for the picture that the Holy Spirit wants to paint through John. 1. There is no mention made of Peter, James, and John watching with the Lord. 2. There is no mention of the tears and agony of the night, of Jesus praying to His Father, and the sweat of blood. John instead, focuses on the power and majesty of the Son of God. (Treasures from Scripture) When Jesus (Iesous) had spoken these words - What words? In the nearest context, the words of His high priestly prayer (Jn 17) and in the larger context the words He spoke to the disciples in The Upper Room Discourse (John 13-16). Recall that in Jn 12:23 at the time of the arrival of the Greeks, Jesus declared "“The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified." This is the hour that would complete Jesus' mission of providing redemption for the sinful world. NET NOTE - When he had said these things appears to be a natural transition at the end of the Farewell Discourse (the farewell speech of Jesus to his disciples in John 13:31–17:26, including the final prayer in Jn 17:1–26). The author states that Jesus went out with His disciples, a probable reference to their leaving the upper room where the meal and discourse described in chaps. 13–17 took place (although some have seen this only as a reference to their leaving the city, with the understanding that some of the Farewell Discourse, including the concluding prayer, was given en route, cf. 14:31). They crossed the Kidron Valley and came to a garden, or olive orchard, identified in Matt 26:36 and Mark 14:32 as Gethsemane. The name is not given in Luke’s or John’s Gospel, but the garden must have been located somewhere on the lower slopes of the Mount of Olives. Jesus descends over the Kidron as He begins His ascent to the Cross. He went forth (exerchomai) with His disciples (mathetes) over the ravine (cheimarros) of the Kidron - See the diagram above which depicts the ravine or cheimarros (from cheima = winter weather + rheo = to flow) literally described a winter flowing stream, which would flow because of the runoff of winter snows or rains but otherwise was dry (only NT use; Lxx - 2Sa 15:23, 1Ki 2:37, 15:13). The Kidron valley (brook Kidron) was mentioned more often in the OT - 2 Sam. 15:23; 1 Ki. 2:37; 1 Ki. 15:13; 2 Ki. 23:4; 2 Ki. 23:6; 2 Ki. 23:12; 2 Chr. 15:16; 2 Chr. 29:16; 2 Chr. 30:14; Jer. 31:40. The Hebrew word qidron apparently meant something like "dusky" or "muddy stream." As shown in the map above the Kidron was the depression (valley, ravine, wadi) separating Jerusalem (the wall of the city) on the west from the Mount of Olives on the east. David crossed it to flee Jerusalem (2 Sam. 15:23). It seemed to mark the city limits in a sense for crossing it meant leaving Jerusalem (1 Ki. 2:37). Many foreign idols and shrines were built in this valley (1 Ki. 15:13; 2 Ki. 23:4, 6, 12; 2 Chr. 15:16; 29:16; 30:14). The good kings of Judah always attempted to destroy and remove them (1 Ki. 15:13). Josiah cleared the Temple of these abominations and burned or trashed them in the Kidron Valley (2 Ki. 23:4-12). God showed Jeremiah a time, however, when even the desecrated and polluted Kidron Valley will be made holy to the Lord (Jer. 31:38-40). After the death of his father, Solomon forbade Shimei to cross over the Brook of Kidron, and the king promised him he would die if he failed to heed his command. However, about three years later, Shimei disobeyed this order, and the avenger of blood was sent to kill him (1 Ki. 2:37). Rod Mattoon on Kidron - When Jesus finishes speaking the words of John 13–17, He moves forward to change the destiny of mankind. He crosses over the brook Kidron which had significant meaning. The word “Kidron or Cedron” means “darkness or dark waters” giving it also the name “Black Brook.” This area was also called the Valley of Jehoshaphat. The waters of this stream were darkened by the steep cliffs on both sides of the river and by abundant trees and vegetation which shadowed over the water like rain clouds ripe for showering tears. These waters were also darkened by the sewage of the city that flowed into it. This is why it was called the “Unclean Place.” During times of revival, godly kings would reduce idols to ashes and cast them into the foul waters of the Kidron to be swept away. The waters of the Kidron were also darkened by blood. During the Passover, as many as 2 ½ million Jews were in Jerusalem. This would mean that over 250,000 lambs would be slain in the Temple in one week. The blood of those lambs was poured on the altar as a crimson offering to God. From the altar, there was a channel which led down to the Brook Kidron. The blood from the altar drained down this channel into the brook Kidron. (Treasures from Scripture) The description went forth is interpreted in two ways, some writers favoring that Jesus and the disciples had previously actually left the Upper Room because of Jesus' words in Jn 14:31 "let us go from here." They propose that the discourse in John 15-16 and the prayer in John 17 were given as the group journeyed out of the city to descend down and cross the Kidron. Other writers feel that Jesus' entire discourse and the prayer were given in the Upper Room. In any event this verse indicates they are now out of the city walls and crossing the ravine on the way to the garden. It is notable that the Kidron was running with water only in the winter rainy season, but at the time of the Passover, the brook was actually running red with the blood of the sacrifices. In addition recall that the Kidron was between Mt Moriah (place of sacrifice) and Mt of Olives, the place where Jesus agonized in prayer with His Father on this fateful night. William