Deuteronômio 11
David Guzik · Citado em PreceptAustin
Deuteronômio 11
Guzik on love - God commanded Israel to love Him. Love is not a matter left entirely up to our impulse or our feelings. We choose to love the Lord or not. Additionally, this reminds us of what the Lord really wants from us – our love. We could give Him a hundred other things, but none of it really matters unless we give Him our love. As Jesus said to the Ephesian church in Rev 2:4+ ‘But I have this against you, that you have left your first love. (Deuteronomy 11) Keep (careful, guard, kept, observe, watch) (08104) shamar is a keyword in Dt 11:1, 8, 22, 32 (each time translated in Lxx - phulasso) He uses shamar once in Dt 11:16 in the command to "Beware" (Lxx here is prosecho - be on the look out) The word also means “to keep” in the sense of “watching over” or giving attention to. Shamar means “to keep” in the sense of “tending” and taking care of. The first use of shamar in Ge 2:15 is instructive as Adam was placed in the garden (a perfect environment) and was commanded to "keep" it which in the Septuagint is translated with phulasso (which is used to translate many of the OT uses of shamar) which means to guard like a military sentinel would at his post. Clearly Adam did not do a good job at "keeping" the garden safe from intruders! Shamar in Deuteronomy - Deut. 2:4; Deut. 4:2; Deut. 4:6; Deut. 4:9; Deut. 4:15; Deut. 4:23; Deut. 4:40; Deut. 5:1; Deut. 5:10; Deut. 5:12; Deut. 5:29; Deut. 6:2; Deut. 6:3; Deut. 6:12; Deut. 6:17; Deut. 6:25; Deut. 7:8; Deut. 7:9; Deut. 7:11; Deut. 7:12; Deut. 8:1; Deut. 8:2; Deut. 8:6; Deut. 8:11; Deut. 10:13; Deut. 11:1; Deut. 11:8; Deut. 11:16; Deut. 11:22; Deut. 11:32; Deut. 12:1; Deut. 12:13; Deut. 12:19; Deut. 12:28; Deut. 12:30; Deut. 12:32; Deut. 13:4; Deut. 13:18; Deut. 15:9; Deut. 16:1; Deut. 16:12; Deut. 17:10; Deut. 19:9; Deut. 23:9; Deut. 23:23; Deut. 24:8; Deut. 26:16; Deut. 26:17; Deut. 26:18; Deut. 27:1; Deut. 28:1; Deut. 28:9; Deut. 28:45; Deut. 28:58; Deut. 29:9; Deut. 30:10; Deut. 30:16; Deut. 31:12; Deut. 33:9 Moses repeatedly emphasizes one cannot separate love from obedience -see Dt 6:5-6; Dt 7:9; Dt 10:12-13; Dt 11:13, 22; Dt 19:9; Dt 30:6, 8, 16, 20). Jack Deere - In Hebrew the command (ED: Actually not a command here but Qal Perfect) to love the LORD means to choose Him for one's most intimate relationship and then to express that choice in obedience to His revealed will. (Bible Knowledge Commentary) His charge (see below), His statutes, His ordinances (mishpat/mispat), and His commandments (mitsvah) (See Utley's Term's for God's Revelation) - This list of divine requirements if relatively complete (judgments and precepts are not in the list, but surely implied). The point is don't say you obey most of them and try to rationalize it is okay to disobey some of them. They are as we commonly say "a package deal." James would affirm this basic truth (Jas 2:10). Pulpit Commentary on His charge - His charge; what he has appointed to be observed and done (cf. Leviticus 8:35; Numbers 1:53); more fully explained by his statutes, and his judgments, and his commandments. (Deuteronomy 11 Exposition ) Keil - In Dt 11:1-12 the other feature in the divine requirements (Deut 10:12), viz., love to the Lord their God, is still more fully developed. Love was to show itself in the distinct perception of what had to be observed towards Jehovah (to "keep His charge," see at Lev 8:35), i.e., in the perpetual observance of His commandments and rights. The words, "and His statutes," etc., serve to explain the general notion, "His charge." (Deuteronomy 11) Statutes (chuqqah) in Deuteronomy - Deut. 6:2; Deut. 8:11; Deut. 10:13; Deut. 11:1; Deut. 28:15; Deut. 28:45; Deut. 30:10; Deut. 30:16; Statutes are the ordinances that have to be obeyed, commandments with the authority of the Lord behind the and judgments to be honoured representing the declaration of the mind of God on issues. Charge (duty, guard, keep, obligation)(04931) mishmereth from shamar = to watch, guard, protect, observe, keep) a guard, watch, charge, function, duty. There are two main meanings - (1) an obligation or service to be performed (2) having to do with something that is to be kept or preserved (the Passover lamb = "you shall keep it" Ex 12:6, manna = "to be kept" Ex 16:32-34; ashes of red heifer = "shall keep" = Nu 19:9) In several instances, it is used of a guard post (Isa. 21:8; Hab. 2:1). The idea of obedience (i.e., keeping the commandments) is often depicted, which leads to a translation of charge (Ge 26:5; Dt. 11:1; Zech. 3:7) or duty (Nu 3:7; 9:23; 2 Chr 8:14). Grant says that charge "has the sense of keeping that which has to be guarded. What they have been given and that which is yet to be received must be guarded with a view to practising it. Nothing has to be added to it and from it nothing has to be taken away. (What the Bible Teaches – Leviticus and Deuteronomy) NET Note - This collocation of technical terms for elements of the covenant text lends support to its importance and also signals a new section of paraenesis in which Moses will exhort Israel to covenant obedience. The Hebrew term מִשְׁמָרוֹת (mishmarot, “obligations”) sums up the three terms that follow—חֻקֹּת (khuqot), מִשְׁפָּטִים (mishppatim), and מִצְוֹת (mitsot). Deuteronomy 11:2 "Know this day that I am not speaking with your sons who have not known and who have not seen the discipline of the LORD your God--His greatness, His mighty hand and His outstretched arm, know: De 8:19 29:10 Pr 22:19 Ac 26:22 the discipline of the LORD your God De 8:2-5 his greatness: De 5:24 9:26 his mighty: De 7:19 Deuteronomy 11 Resources Related Passage: Deuteronomy 8:2-5+ “You shall remember all the way which the LORD your God has led you in the wilderness these forty years, that He might humble you, testing you, to know what was in your heart, whether you would keep His commandments or not. 3 “He humbled you and let you be hungry, and fed you with manna which you did not know, nor did your fathers know, that He might make you understand that man does not live by bread alone, but man lives by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of the LORD. 4 “Your clothing did not wear out on you, nor did your foot swell these forty years. 5 Thus you are to know in your heart that the LORD your God was disciplining you just as a man disciplines his son. APPEAL TO EYEWITNESSES SECOND GENERATION ADULTS Know (yada) intimately and by experience. Take note. Lay it to heart. Ponder. (NRSV, NIV - remember - Lxx has = ginosko know by experience). They could not plead ignorance! They knew the things Moses now recounts, and so the NIV is probably not a bad translation calling on them to remember. Most of our Christian experience (mine for sure) is remembering truth that I forgot! Moses puts this in front of the second generation adults so that they will have no excuse for repeating the sins of the first generation fathers! This reminds me of the old show I used to watch as kid "West Point" and one thing I still remember over 60 years later -- whenever the cadet was confronted about a misstep (real or perceived) his answer was always the same "No excuse sir!" Keil - To awaken this love (in Dt 11:1) they were now to know, i.e., to ponder and lay to heart, the discipline of the Lord their God. Moses would impress his words most strongly upon the hearts of the older generation, which had witnessed the acts of the Lord. (Deuteronomy 11) Deere - All of Israel's history had been guided by the Lord for the purpose of motivating them to love Him unreservedly. (Bible Knowledge Commentary) This day that I am not speaking with your sons who have not known and who have not seen the discipline (chastisement) of the LORD your God--His greatness (magnificence), His mighty hand and His outstretched arm (see Anthropomorphic Language used for God’s power Dt 4:34; 5:15; 6:21; 9:29) - The phrase not speaking with your sons indicates Moses is making a distinction between the adults (those who had been less than 20 and were not killed but were now 38 years older after the wilderness time) and the children in this group (children born in the wilderness) of second generation Israelites. Those who were now adults had witnessed the deliverance from Egypt and the subsequent discipline of Israel in their wilderness wanderings. In Dt 11:7 he says it was their "own eyes" that had "seen all the great work of the LORD which He did." In Dt 11:19 Moses says the adults must teach these things to their sons. Merrill on not speaking with your sons who have not known and who have not seen- These people must first be challenged because they have the advantage of learning from history. It was they who made up the leadership of their time and had the task of transmitting God's requirements to the generation to come (ED: THE THIRD GENERATION). (Cornerstone Biblical Commentary) Moses earlier had described discipline (see passage above - see for example the use of this Hebrew word in Pr 6:23) of Israel who was like a little child who need to be guided and instructed in how to life (Lxx = paideia = child rearing which includes both correction and instruction). Deere explains that "The discipline of the Lord refers to God's moral education of His people. Because of the waywardness of the human heart, diligent and drastic measures were needed to quell that waywardness. So God sent Israel "to school" in Egypt so that she might learn of His majesty and power (mighty hand and outstretched arm; cf. Dt 4:34; 5:15; 7:19) and respond with grateful obedience for her deliverance from Pharaoh. (Bible Knowledge Commentary) Mighty hand - Exod. 32:11; Deut. 4:34; Deut. 5:15; Deut. 6:21; Deut. 7:8; Deut. 7:19; Deut. 9:26; Deut. 11:2; Deut. 26:8; 1 Ki. 8:42; 2 Chr. 6:32; Ezek. 20:33; Ezek. 20:34; Dan. 9:15; 1 Pet. 5:6 Outstretched Arm - Exod. 6:6; Deut. 4:34; Deut. 5:15; Deut. 7:19; Deut. 9:29; Deut. 11:2; Deut. 26:8; 1 Ki. 8:42; 2 Ki. 17:36; 2 Chr. 6:32; Ps. 136:12; Jer. 27:5; Jer. 32:17; Jer. 32:21; Ezek. 20:33; Ezek. 20:3 The “outstretched arm” is a metaphor that was used by the Egyptian Pharaohs for the extension of their power and authority. (The IVP Bible Background Commentary – OT) HIS MIGHTY HAND I am saved from sin, I have peace within, And I walk with Jesus day by day; O His hand so strong, holds me all day long, And with Him I will not go astray. Refrain He will hold me with His mighty hand! He will hold me with His mighty hand! In temptation He will help me stand! For He will hold me with His mighty hand. Many passed me by, heeding not my cry, But the Savior heard and rescued me; I was lost and blind, Jesus was so kind, Lo, He touched my eyes and now I see. Refrain There’s a promise sure, and it shall endure, Lo, I will be with thee all the way; And though foes assail, I shall still prevail, For I know He helps me watch and pray. Refrain There is sweeter peace, there is perfect peace, And my Father’s Word is wondrous dear; There is mighty pow’r, for each trying hour, There is love that casteth out all fear! Refrain TSK suggests that "Moses seems here to have addressed himself particularly to the elders, who had in their youth witnessed the wonderful works which Jehovah had wrought both for them and among them; and who were bound to remember them for their own warning, and testify them to the rising generation who had not been eye-witnesses." Discipline (instruction) (04148) musar from yasar = to discipline, chasten, admonish) refers to discipline, chastening, correction. Musar is a wisdom term used most often in Proverbs. God's chastening is always for purposes of instruction, and should not be ignored or resented. (Job 5:17 cp Job 42:2). Solomon instructs us "My son, do not reject the discipline of the LORD Or loathe His reproof." (Pr 3:11) One of major purposes of wisdom literature is to teach wisdom and instruction (musar) (Pr 1:2) Isaiah describes the divine chastisement poured out on the Suffering Messiah (Isa 53:5). Musar - 50v - chastening(3), chastise(1), correction(3), discipline(18), disciplines(1), instruction(20), punishment(2), reproof(1), warning(1). Deut. 11:2; Job 5:17; Job 20:3; Job 33:16; Job 36:10; Ps. 50:17; Prov. 1:2; Prov. 1:3; Prov. 1:7; Prov. 1:8; Prov. 3:11; Prov. 4:1; Prov. 4:13; Prov. 5:12; Prov. 5:23; Prov. 6:23; Prov. 7:22; Prov. 8:10; Prov. 8:33; Prov. 10:17; Prov. 12:1; Prov. 13:1; Prov. 13:18; Prov. 13:24; Prov. 15:5; Prov. 15:10; Prov. 15:32; Prov. 15:33; Prov. 16:22; Prov. 19:20; Prov. 19:27; Prov. 22:15; Prov. 23:12; Prov. 23:13; Prov. 23:23; Prov. 24:32; Isa. 26:16; Isa. 53:5; Jer. 2:30; Jer. 5:3; Jer. 7:28; Jer. 10:8; Jer. 17:23; Jer. 30:14; Jer. 32:33; Jer. 35:13; Ezek. 5:15; Hos. 5:2; Zeph. 3:2; Zeph. 3:7 Related Resources: Baker Evangelical Dictionary Discipline Charles Buck Dictionary Discipline (1) Discipline (2) Holman Bible Dictionary Discipline Hastings' Dictionary of the NT Discipline (2) Discipline King James Dictionary Discipline International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Discipline McClintock and Strong's Bible Encyclopedia Discipline Facts of the Matter - Newell Hillis - Devotional from February 7: Clinging To The Lord Your God " You are to cling to the Lord your God." – These were Joshua's parting words to wayward Israel, just before his death. ( Joshua 23:8) CLING: " To hold fast to something, as by grasping, sticking, embracing, or winding around". As a wet raincoat would CLING to your back.As a person on the verge of death would CLING to life. "To remain attached in thought or practice". " To follow close after, pursue hard; to resist separation". Jesus put it this way: " If anyone wants to follow in my footsteps, he must give up all right to himself… and keep close behind me." (Luke 9:23a+ – Phillips) CLINGING conveys the sense of desperation: That there is no other viable option. QUESTION: ARE YOU CLINGING TO CHRIST? Or to: Your bank account? Your reputation? Your capabilities? SELF SUFFICIENCY is the arrogant assumption that I can go it alone… without God. CLINGING is the humble acknowledgment that I must be intimately connected to God for life to make sense and to be worth living. In Joshua's admonition to CLING to God he gives this warning: " If you ever go back and CLING to the rest of these nations (i.e. the world and its values)… (they) shall be to you as: A snare and a trap… A whip on your sides… Thorns in your eyes… until you perish from off this good land which the Lord your God has given you." (Joshua 23:12) QUESTIONS: Are you CLINGING to Christ? Or do you have it so together that you can go it alone? If so, are you willing to pay the price of independence? PASS IT ON! The question arises "Dd the elder members of the second generation listen to Moses' words?" And I think for the most part the answer is yes (with one major omission discussed below). We read a good summation of the second generation in Josh 24:31+ Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua and all the days of the elders (THESE WOULD BE THE SECOND GENERATION WHO ARE BEING ADDRESSED BY MOSES) who survived Joshua, and had known all the deeds of the LORD which He had done for Israel. But either the second generation failed to tell the third generation of the mighty hand of God or perhaps they were told and simply it faded from their memory over time. Recall there was no successor to Joshua who could warn and exhort like Moses did. And so the third generation did not know the past mighty intervention of Yahweh and in Judges 2 we read of this tragic transition from the second to the third generation... Then Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the LORD, died at the age of one hundred and ten. 9 And they buried him in the territory of his inheritance in Timnath-heres, in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Mount Gaash 10 All that generation also were gathered to their fathers; (THESE WOULD BE THE SECOND GENERATION WHO HAD CROSSED OVER LED BY JOSHUA) and there arose another generation (THIRD GENERATION) after them who (1) did not know the LORD, (2) nor yet the work which He had done for Israel. 11 Then (CRITICAL EXPRESSION OF TIME IN THIS CONTEXT) the sons of Israel did evil in the sight of the LORD and served the Baals, 12 and they forsook the LORD, the God of their fathers, Who had brought them out of the land of Egypt, and followed other gods from among the gods of the peoples who were around them, and bowed themselves down to them; thus they provoked the LORD to anger. 13 So they forsook the LORD and served Baal and the Ashtaroth. 14 The anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He gave them into the hands of plunderers who plundered them; and He sold them into the hands of their enemies around them, so that they could no longer stand before their enemies. 15 Wherever they went, the hand of the LORD was against them for evil, as the LORD had spoken and as the LORD had sworn to them, so that they were severely distressed. 16 Then the LORD raised up judges who delivered them from the hands of those who plundered them. 17 Yet they did not listen to their judges, for they played the harlot after other gods and bowed themselves down to them. They turned aside quickly from the way in which their fathers had walked in obeying the commandments of the LORD; they did not do as their fathers. (Judges 2:8-17+) In conclusion within only one generation Israel forsook Yahweh and sought the false gods of the land! Why? Because they (1) did not know God or (2) His mighty deeds in behalf of Israel. This is why it is critical to pass the baton to the next generation, making disciples who will be faithful to make disciples (Mt 28:19+, cf 2 Ti 2:2+). THOUGHT - The application is PASS IT ON! Are you obeying Commander's command to Make disciples (aorist imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) (aorist imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) (Mt 28:19+). Teach faithful men who will be able to teach others also (2Ti 2:2+). Deuteronomy 11:3 and His signs and His works which He did in the midst of Egypt to Pharaoh the king of Egypt and to all his land; Dt 4:34 Dt 7:19 Ps 78:12-13 Ps 105:27-45 Ps 135:9 Jer 32:20,21 Related Passages: Deuteronomy 7:17-19 If you should say in your heart, ‘These nations are greater than I; how can I dispossess them?’ 18you shall not be afraid of them; you shall well remember what the LORD your God did to Pharaoh and to all Egypt: 19 the great trials which your eyes saw and the signs and the wonders and the mighty hand and the outstretched arm by which the LORD your God brought you out. So shall the LORD your God do to all the peoples of whom you are afraid. Psalm 78:12-13 He wrought wonders before their fathers In the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan. 13He divided the sea and caused them to pass through, And He made the waters stand up like a heap. EXAMPLE OF HIS MIGHTY HAND AND OUTSTRETCHED ARM and His signs (10 plaques) and His works which He did in the midst of Egypt to Pharaoh the king of Egypt and to all his land - It was through these events that the mighty hand and outstretched arm of Jehovah had been "seen" by the adults now listening to Moses. In other words these events were not "second hand" from their parents who died in the wilderness but had witnessed these events with their own eyes. In the context of this section that begins with love and obey, this first hand experience made them responsible to pay heed to God's Words and to obey them faithfully as they entered the promised land. It is notable that God told Moses to lift up his staff and stretch out his hand over the Red Sea (Ex 14:6, 26) resulting in the destruction of the Egyptian army. Guzik makes an interesting observation of what He did - Moses called Israel to remember what God did in their history. i. Most of history – both official and personal – is simply concerned with what man has done. But God wants us to look at history and see what He did. We learn far more, and are far more benefited, by looking at what God has done, rather than looking at what man has done. -- (Deuteronomy 11) Note the phrase HE DID (YAHWEH DID) five times in this chapter, all in this "history (HIS-story) review lesson" -- Dt 11:3, Dt 11:4, Dt 11:5, Deu 11:6, Dt 11:7 Deuteronomy 11:4 and what He did to Egypt's army, to its horses and its chariots, when He made the water of the Red Sea to engulf them while they were pursuing you, and the LORD completely destroyed them; what He did to Egypt's army, Ex 14:23-31 Ex 15:4,9,10,19 Ps 106:11 Heb 11:29 Deuteronomy 11 Resources Related Passages: Exodus 14:23-31+ Then the Egyptians took up the pursuit, and all Pharaoh’s horses, his chariots and his horsemen went in after them into the midst of the sea. 24 At the morning watch, the LORD looked down on the army of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and cloud and brought the army of the Egyptians into confusion. 25 He caused their chariot wheels to swerve, and He made them drive with difficulty; so the Egyptians said, “Let us flee from Israel, for the LORD is fighting for them against the Egyptians.” 26 Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the sea so that the waters may come back over the Egyptians, over their chariots and their horsemen.” 27 So Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to its normal state at daybreak, while the Egyptians were fleeing right into it; then the LORD overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea. 28 The waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen, even Pharaoh’s entire army that had gone into the sea after them; not even one of them remained. 29 But the sons of Israel walked on dry land through the midst of the sea, and the waters were like a wall to them on their right hand and on their left. 30 Thus the LORD saved Israel that day from the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore. 31 When Israel saw the great power which the LORD had used against the Egyptians, the people feared the LORD, and they believed in the LORD and in His servant Moses. Exodus 15:4; 9; 10; 19+ “Pharaoh’s chariots and his army He has cast into the sea; And the choicest of his officers are drowned in the Red Sea.....9 “The enemy said, ‘I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the spoil; My desire shall be gratified against them; I will draw out my sword, my hand will destroy them.’ 10 “You blew with Your wind, the sea covered them; They sank like lead in the mighty waters...19 For the horses of Pharaoh with his chariots and his horsemen went into the sea, and the LORD brought back the waters of the sea on them, but the sons of Israel walked on dry land through the midst of the sea. and what He did to Egypt's army, to its horses and its chariots, when He made the water of the Red Sea to engulf them while they were pursuing you, and the LORD completely destroyed them - Engulf is a great word picture as it literally means "flow over their faces" an idiom for drowning! (Septuagint = "overwhelm the face of them") See description of the miraculous deliverance and judgement of Jehovah. These events should have motivated Israel's first generation to love and obey Jehovah but sadly proved not to be the case. Great deliverance should motivate great love. One is reminded of the event in Luke 7:37-44 when a woman "who was a sinner" approached Jesus reclining at the table took the precious perfume from the alabaster vial and anointed His feet wiping them with her hair and kissing His feet. Jesus then went on to use the woman as an illustration of love Turning toward the woman, He said to Simon, “Do you see this woman? I entered your house; you gave Me no water for My feet, but she has wet My feet with her tears and wiped them with her hair. 45 “You gave Me no kiss; but she, since the time I came in, has not ceased to kiss My feet. 46“You did not anoint My head with oil, but she anointed My feet with perfume. 47 “For this reason I say to you, her sins, which are many, have been forgiven, for she loved much; but he who is forgiven little, loves little.”(Lk 7:44-47+) Deuteronomy 11:5 and what He did to you in the wilderness until you came to this place; Ps 77:20 Ps 78:14-72 Ps 105:39-41 Ps 106:12-48 Deuteronomy 11 Resources Related Passage: Psalm 77:20 You led Your people like a flock By the hand of Moses and Aaron. ISRAEL'S DISCIPLINE IN THE WILDERNESS SCHOOL and what He did to you in the wilderness until you came to this place - He guided them and He fed and watered them and He assured their shoes would not wear out. He was Israel's all in all. What more could they ask for (How about us beloved? If we have Christ, are we content?) This place would be the place of Moses' "sermon" on the plains of Moab opposite Jericho. Deuteronomy 11:6 and what He did to Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, the son of Reuben, when the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them, their households, their tents, and every living thing that followed them, among all Israel-- he did: Nu 16:1-3,31-33 26:9,10 27:3 Ps 106:17 Deuteronomy 11 Resources Related Resources: Numbers 16:1-3+ Now Korah the son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, with Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, and On the son of Peleth, sons of Reuben, took action, 2 and they rose up before Moses, together with some of the sons of Israel, two hundred and fifty leaders of the congregation, chosen in the assembly, men of renown. 3 They assembled together against Moses and Aaron, and said to them, “You have gone far enough, for all the congregation are holy, every one of them, and the LORD is in their midst; so why do you exalt yourselves above the assembly of the LORD?” Numbers 16:31-33+ As he finished speaking all these words, the ground that was under them split open; 32 and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up, and their households, and all the men who belonged to Korah with their possessions. 33 So they and all that belonged to them went down alive to Sheol; and the earth closed over them, and they perished from the midst of the assembly. Numbers 26:9-11+ The sons of Eliab: Nemuel and Dathan and Abiram. These are the Dathan and Abiram who were called by the congregation, who contended against Moses and against Aaron in the company of Korah, when they contended against the LORD, 10 and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up along with Korah, when that company died, when the fire devoured 25 0 men, so that they became a warning. 11 The sons of Korah, however, did not die. Ps. 106:16–18. When they became envious of Moses in the camp, And of Aaron, the holy one of the LORD, 17 The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, And engulfed the company of Abiram. 18 And a fire blazed up in their company; The flame consumed the wicked. God Opened the Grave! DESTRUCTION DUE TO KORAH'S REBELLION and what He did to Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, the son of Reuben, when the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them, their households, their tents, and every living thing that followed them, among all Israel - Dathan and Abiram were co-conspirators in the rebellion headed up by Korah. See the rebellion of Korah? Keil on why no mention of Korah the head of the rebellion suggests, "from regard to his sons, who were not swallowed up by the earth along with their father, but had lived to perpetuate the family of Korah;" (Deuteronomy 11) Grant makes an interesting point - The incident, found in Numbers 16, is the only historical event recorded between the refusal to enter the Land (Num 13-14) and the re-commencement of the journey (Num 20:1). It is a sad fact that the only record of thirty-eight years was one of rebellion. The point at issue was the leadership of Moses and Aaron, but behind this the rebels sought the priesthood (Num 16:10). This struck at the heart of the relationship which the Lord desired. It was His wish to dwell amongst His people and enjoy them. The priesthood as it was ordered of the Lord was vital for this.(What the Bible Teaches – Leviticus and Deuteronomy) Deuteronomy 11:7 but your own eyes have seen all the great work of the LORD which He did. De 5:3 7:19 Ps 106:2 145:4-6,12 150:2 Deuteronomy 11 ResourcesADULTS OF SECOND GENERATION WERE EYE WITNESSES But your own eyes have seen all the great work of the LORD which He did - Here Moses gives the reason for the charge in Dt 11:2 to "know this day...." They had seen it and had no excuse not to know. Deere - Moses exhorted the people to learn from their past, for God had constructed their history with a didactic purpose. The stress on your own eyes and the double mention of the children not seeing the events of this period (Deut. 11:2, 5) hint at the parents' responsibility to set an example of obedient living for their children and to pass on the truths learned from these experiences. (Bible Knowledge Commentary) McIntosh - God operates on the principle that spiritual privilege creates spiritual obligation: "From everyone who has been given much, much will be demanded; and from the one who has been entrusted with much, much more will be asked" (Luke 12:48). Knowing his power and faithfulness so directly ought to encourage them to live faithfully before him and trust him for their needs.At the very least, what they saw should keep them far from any form of rebellion....The point of this dramatic act of discipline was to produce a godly fear in the hearts of those whose eyes saw all these great things. (Holman Old Testament Commentary) POSB - It was you who were saved by God from Egypt, from its bondage and enslavement. It was you who personally saw the terrible judgment of God against the Egyptians. It was you who witnessed His power in destroying their pursuing army in the Red Sea. It was you who personally experienced God's guidance through the wilderness wanderings. Moreover, you witnessed the power of God's judgment against sinners and rebels when He caused an earthquake to swallow the followers of Dathan and Abiram. You have personally experienced the discipline or chastisement of God. You have personally witnessed God's majesty, His mighty hand, His outstretched arm, His awesome power. Remember what you have experienced; love and obey God. This is what the Lord God requires of you. (Preacher's Outline & Sermon Bible – Deuteronomy) THOUGHT - What does the Lord God require of us? That we love and obey Him and that we remember what we have experienced with Him. Remembering the past will stir us to love and obey God. Just think for a moment: God has saved us from Egypt, that is, from the world with all its enslavements and bondages: saved us from sin, condemnation, and hell to come. God has marvelously saved us. God guides us day by day through the wilderness wanderings of this world, giving us a victorious life. He empowers us to conquer all the enemies—all the trials and temptations of life—that attempt to destroy us and to keep us out of the promised land of heaven. God disciplines or chastises us, corrects us when we need it in order to keep us from injuring ourselves or damaging our testimony. God has done so much for us that we owe Him our allegiance. We must, therefore, love and obey Him. And we must remember the past, all the wonderful things He has done for us. Remembering the past will encourage us to love and obey Him. (POSB) Deuteronomy 11:8 "You shall therefore keep every commandment which I am commanding you today, so that you may be strong and go in and possess the land into which you are about to cross to possess it; Therefore: De 8:10,11 Dt 10:12-15 Dt 26:16-19 Dt 28:47 Ps 116:12-16 so that you may: De 31:23 Jos 1:6,7 Ps 138:3 Isa 40:31 Da 10:19 2Co 12:9,10 Eph 3:16 6:10 Php 4:13 Col 1:11 Deuteronomy 11 Resources Related Passages: Deuteronomy 6:1-3+ “Now this is the commandment, the statutes and the judgments which the LORD your God has commanded me to teach you, that you might do them in the land where you are going over to possess it, 2 so that (PURPOSE) you and your son and your grandson might fear the LORD your God, to keep all His statutes and His commandments which I command you, all the days of your life, and that your days may be prolonged. 3“O Israel, you should listen and be careful to do it, that (PURPOSE) it may be well with you and that you may multiply greatly, just as the LORD, the God of your fathers, has promised you, in a land flowing with milk and honey. Deuteronomy 8:10-11+ “When you have eaten and are satisfied, you shall bless the LORD your God for the good land which He has given you. 11 “Beware that you do not forget the LORD your God by not keeping His commandments and His ordinances and His statutes which I am commanding you today; Deuteronomy 10:12-15+ “Now, Israel, what does the LORD your God require from you, but to fear the LORD your God, to walk in all His ways and love Him, and to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, 13 and to keep the LORD’S commandments and His statutes which I am commanding you today for your good? Deuteronomy 31:23 Then He commissioned Joshua the son of Nun, and said, “Be strong (chazaq) and courageous, for you shall bring the sons of Israel into the land which I swore to them, and I will be with you.” Joshua 1:6; 7 “Be strong (chazaq) and courageous, for you shall give this people possession of the land which I swore to their fathers to give them. 7 “Only be strong (chazaq) and very courageous; be careful to do according to all the law which Moses My servant commanded you; do not turn from it to the right or to the left, so that you may have success wherever you go. OBEDIENCE IS THE KEY TO POSSESSING PROMISED POSSESSIONS You shall therefore - Moses is building on what he has just said in the previous section about what the older generation had seen (Dt 11:7 - describing the events of Dt 11:3-6). Now based on that truth, they should be motivate or energized to obey. Guzik - Remembering what God did in history (HIS-story) should lead Israel to greater obedience, and enable them to take the Promised Land. (Deuteronomy 11)
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Guzik - God simply promised to provide for Israel if chose to obey Him and put Him first. As Jesus said: "Seek (present imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things shall be added to you (Matthew 6:33+). (Deuteronomy 11) Grant (What the Bible Teaches – Leviticus and Deuteronomy) writes that "The same conditions are necessary for spiritual prosperity today. Paul instructs Timothy how he should be "nourished up in the words of faith and of good doctrine" (1 Ti 4:6) and further adds, "Meditate upon these things; give thyself wholly to them; that thy profiting may appear to all" (1 Tim 4:15). This was no instruction for the half-hearted. Whole-heartedness in the service of the Lord is what is required. The spiritual profit that would come as a result of such diligent obedience would be obvious to all.... To serve Him without loving Him is pretence, and to love Him truly without serving Him is impossible. Love leads to action. -- Grant Deuteronomy 11:14 that He will give the rain for your land in its season, the early and late rain, that you may gather in your grain and your new wine and your oil. NET then he promises, "I will send rain for your land in its season, the autumn and the spring rains, so that you may gather in your grain, new wine, and olive oil. ASV that I will give the rain of your land in its season, the former rain and the latter rain, that thou mayest gather in thy grain, and thy new wine, and thine oil. De 28:12 Lev 26:4 Job 5:10,11 37:11-13 Ps 65:9-13 Jer 14:22 Eze 34:26 Joe 2:22,23 Jas 5:7 Deuteronomy 11 Resources THE CONDITIONAL PROMISE That He will give the rain for your land in its season, the early (autumn - "former rain" - Oct-Nov/Jan) and late (spring - "latter rain" - March-April) rain, that (purpose clause) you may gather in your grain and your new wine and your oil - God's gift of rain in crucial time slots was contingent upon obedience. Stated another way, Israel's annual rainfall would be a good "barometer" (pun intended) of her obedience and thus her blessing (or cursing - Dt 11:17). Note that grain and your new wine and your oil were the staples of Israel's diet and God would provide if they obeyed.
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Guzik - The promise of the blessing of rain was important, because one of the attractive of the Canaanite gods was Baal – the god who was said to control the weather and rain. Perhaps the Israelites would be tempted to think, “well, we are in Canaan, and if we want rain, we should worship the Canaanite god of rain.” But the Lord makes it clear that if they would worship and obey Him, He would supply abundant rain. (Deuteronomy 11) The IVP Bible Background Commentary - Israel has a rainy season (winter months) and a dry season (summer months). The rainy season begins with the autumn rains (“early rains,” October-November) and ends with the spring rains (“latter rains,” early April). These are important for what they contribute to the overall moisture levels in the earth and for softening the ground for plowing. Grain is harvested in the spring (barley in May, wheat in June), and the summer months (July and August) are for threshing and winnowing. Grapes are harvested in the fall, while the olive harvest stretches into the winter. (IVP Bible Background Commentary – Old Testament) NET Note - The autumn and the spring rains. The “former” (יוֹרֶה, yoreh) and “latter” (מַלְקוֹשׁ, malqosh) rains come in abundance respectively in September/October and March/April. Planting of most crops takes place before the former rains fall and the harvests follow the latter rains. Late (latter rain) (04456)(malqowsh) The Hebrew term malqôsh is always translated "latter rain" in the KJV. The noun is used similarly in Middle Hebrew, Jewish Aramaic and Samaritan. The climate of Israel was dry summer subtropical, as was the entire Mediterranean Basin. In the spring of the year, there is frequent rain throughout Palestine, but in the summer season (May through October) the earth becomes parched, and vegetation perishes. The first rains after the summer drought are referred to as the "former" or autumnal rain because it precedes seed-time and prepares the soil for cultivation. The "late rain" (i.e., "latter rain") falls in March and April, prior to harvesting. Its timing is vital, because this rain matures the fruit and grain (see Deut. 11:14). Job 29 contains a lament, as Job recounts how others have waited with expectant silence for his words of counsel. "They waited for me as for the rain; and they opened their mouth wide as for the latter rain" (v. 23). This rain was a matter of life and death, as Job underscored the depth of his wisdom, which in turn was derived from his close relationship with God. Elsewhere in the OT, presence of the latter rain was an indication of God's favor and faithfulness (see Hos. 6:3; Joel 2:23). Its absence indicated that his judgment had struck (Jer. 3:3) because his people had become unfaithful, the death of crops indicating the removal of the land blessing. They had stubborn and rebellious hearts and did not say to themselves, "Let us fear the Lord our God who gives rain in its season" (Jer. 5:24, NASB). Spiritual death leads to physical death in the imagery. (Complete Biblical Library - Incredible Resource) Malqowsh - 8v - late(1), latter rain(1), rain*(1), spring rain(6). Deut. 11:14; Job 29:23; Prov. 16:15; Jer. 3:3; Jer. 5:24; Hos. 6:3; Joel 2:23; Zech. 10:1 Related Resource: Holman Bible Dictionary Rain Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible Rain Hastings' Dictionary of the NT Rain Fassett's Bible Dictionary Rain What is the Latter Rain Movement? | GotQuestions.org Deuteronomy 11:15 "He will give grass in your fields for your cattle, and you will eat and be satisfied. will: 1Ki 18:5 Ps 104:14 Jer 14:5 Joe 1:18 2:22 eat and be De 6:11 Dt 8:10 Joe 2:19 Hag 1:6 Mal 3:10,11 Deuteronomy 11 Resources Related Passages: Dt 6:10-12+ “Then it shall come about when the LORD your God brings you into the land which He swore to your fathers, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, to give you, great and splendid cities which you did not build, 11 and houses full of all good things which you did not fill, and hewn cisterns which you did not dig, vineyards and olive trees which you did not plant, and you eat and are satisfied (saba), 12 THEN watch yourself, that you do not forget the LORD Who brought you from the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. Dt 8:10-14 “When you have eaten and are satisfied (saba), you shall bless the LORD (A GOOD PRACTICE TO PRACTICE!) your God for the good land which He has given you. 11 “Beware that you do not forget the LORD your God by not keeping His commandments and His ordinances and His statutes which I am commanding you today; 12 otherwise, when you have eaten and are satisfied, and have built good houses and lived in them, 13 and when your herds and your flocks multiply, and your silver and gold multiply, and all that you have multiplies, 14 THEN your heart will become proud and you will forget the LORD your God who brought you out from the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. CONTENTED COWS AND PEOPLE He will give grass in your fields for your cattle, and you will eat and be satisfied - This is God's blessing and it would lead to contentment but divinely supplied satisfaction sadly can lead to self-satisfaction. When we experience God's bounty, our fallen flesh is prone to begin to contribute the blessing to our ingenuity and the work of our our own hand and not to the goodness and beneficence of Jehovah! Satisfaction, physically or spiritually, is a call to be on high alert to guard against the dangers of success!
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Guzik - God had to warn Israel against the deceptions of prosperity. The person who turns from God in prosperity is simply deceived. They believe they are somehow responsible for the blessings received, and become proud and self-reliant. (Deuteronomy 11) Meredith Kline - Take heed to yourselves. For bounty can turn into drought, famine, and death at the mere word of the Lord, the impartial, almighty Judge at whose command even the earth opened its mouth to swallow the Israelites Dathan and Abiram (Dt 11:15-17; cf. Dt 11:6; 6:11-15; 8:11-20). (Wycliffe Bible Commentary on Deuteronomy) Deere points out that the warning against worshipping other gods was "appropriately related to Dt 11:13-15, because many of the gods worshiped in Canaan were fertility deities, that is, gods of grain, oil, rain, etc. Unless the people of Israel were extremely careful (Dt 4:9) they could easily be enticed by their pagan neighbors to enter into the sensual worship of these deities. It would simply be a matter of transferring their trust in the Lord for the fertility of their land to one or more of those false gods. And this worship, which was divorced from the realm of ethics and which emphasized ritual sex, was so appealing to human hearts that careless and morally undisciplined Israelites would be drawn into its fatal web. (Bible Knowledge Commentary)
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Guzik - God called Israel to not only read the Word of God and to know the Word of God, but to treasure it. In the same way, we should love God’s word and miss it when we are separated from the Word of God. We should call it to mind with longing, having laid it up in our heart and soul. (Deuteronomy 11) How does one treasure the Word? Here is one of the most poignant and convicting illustrations of treasuring the Word I have ever read... The first requirement for keeping that TREASURE is to recognize that it is a TREASURE. A beautiful and touching story is told of a young French girl who had been born blind. After she learned to read by touch, a friend gave her a Braille copy of Mark’s gospel. She read it so much that her fingers became calloused and insensitive. In an effort to regain her feeling, she cut the skin from the ends of her fingers. Tragically, however, her calluses were replaced by permanent and even more insensitive scars. She sobbingly gave the book a goodbye kiss, saying, “FAREWELL, FAREWELL, SWEET WORD OF MY HEAVENLY FATHER.” In doing so, she discovered that her lips were even more sensitive than her fingers had been, and she spent the rest of her life reading her great treasure with her lips. Would that every Christian had such an appetite for the Word of God! God Talk Fix these words of mine in your hearts and minds; tie them as symbols on your hands and bind them on your foreheads.Deuteronomy 11:18 Today's Scripture & Insight: Deuteronomy 11:13–21 A study conducted by the Barna Group in 2018 found that most Americans don’t like to talk about God. Only seven percent of Americans say they talk about spiritual matters regularly—and practicing believers in Jesus in America aren’t that different. Only thirteen percent of regular churchgoers say they have a spiritual conversation about once a week. Perhaps it’s not surprising that spiritual conversations are on the decline. Talking about God can be dangerous. Whether because of a polarized political climate, because disagreement might cause a rift in a relationship, or because a spiritual conversation might cause you to realize a change you need to make in your life—these can feel like high-stakes conversations. But in the instructions given to God’s people, the Israelites, in the book of Deuteronomy, talking about God can be a normal, natural part of everyday life. God’s people were to memorize His words and to display them in places where they’d often be seen. The law said to talk about God’s instructions for life with your children “when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up” (11:19). What challenges have come to you as a result of spiritual conversations with friends? What blessings? There’s so much about You, God, that can be shared with others in my life. Lead me as I interact with them. To learn more about why the Bible endures, visit https://ourdailybreadfilms.org/film/the-bible-why-does-it-endure/. Faith Investments Teach [these words of mine] to your children. Deuteronomy 11:19 Today's Scripture & Insight: Deuteronomy 11:18–20 On his twelfth Christmas, the boy eagerly awaited the opening of the gifts under the tree. He was yearning for a new bike, but his hopes were dashed—the last present he received was a dictionary. On the first page, he read: “To Charles from Mother and Daddy, 1958. With love and high hopes for your best work in school.” In the next decade, Chuck did do well in school. He graduated from college and later, aviation training. He became a pilot working overseas, fulfilling his passion to help people in need and to share Jesus with them. Now some sixty years after receiving this gift, he shared the well-worn dictionary with his grandchildren. It had become for him a symbol of his parents’ loving investment in his future, and Chuck still treasures it. But he’s even more grateful for the daily investment his parents made in building his faith by teaching him about God and the Scriptures. Deuteronomy 11 talks about the importance of taking every opportunity to share the words of Scripture with children: “Teach them to your children, talking about them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up” (v. 19). For Chuck, the eternal values planted when he was a boy bloomed into a lifetime of service for his Savior. With God’s enablement, who knows how much our investment in someone’s spiritual growth will yield. By: Cindy Hess Kasper Sign in to track your progress! Who invested in your spiritual life as you were growing up? How can you direct children’s hearts to the wisdom found in Scripture? Father, help me take time to read the Bible and share it with others. Deuteronomy 11:19 "You shall teach them to your sons, talking of them when you sit in your house and when you walk along the road and when you lie down and when you rise up. De 4:9,10 Dt 6:7 Ps 34:11 78:5,6 Pr 2:1 4:1-27 Isa 38:19 Deuteronomy 11 Resources Related Passages: Deuteronomy 4:9; 10 “Only give heed to yourself and keep your soul diligently, so that you do not forget the things which your eyes have seen and they do not depart from your heart all the days of your life; but make them known to your sons and your grandsons. 10 “Remember the day you stood before the LORD your God at Horeb, when the LORD said to me, ‘Assemble the people to Me, that I may let them hear My words so they may learn to fear Me all the days they live on the earth, and that they may teach their children.’ Deuteronomy 6:7 “You shall teach them diligently to your sons and shall talk of them when you sit in your house and when you walk by the way and when you lie down and when you rise up. Psalm 34:11 Come, you children, listen to me; I will teach you the fear of the LORD. PASS IT ON! We are always only one generation from forgetting God and His Word, so this duty must be practiced persistently and passionately! How are you doing in your family? You shall teach them to your sons, talking of them when you sit in your house and when you walk along the road and when you lie down and when you rise up - God's Word is to be like the atmosphere in which they live. And like a fish in a fishbowl, they would do best when they were in the environment of His Word. Guzik - We can fairly measure our love for God’s word by how much we will talk about it with others. God doesn’t want us to have a secret love relationship with His word.v THOUGHT- Speaking God's Word or not speaking it says more about the condition of our heart than most anything we do! So let me ask you - are you convicted or encouraged? Little Sponges You shall teach them to your children . . . when you lie down, and when you rise up. —Deuteronomy 11:19 Today's Scripture: Deuteronomy 11:13-21 Most household sponges that we use today are synthetic, but many people are surprised to learn that real sponges were at one time living sea animals. When a live sponge is removed from the sea and its living matter is cleaned out, it becomes useful for household purposes. The skeleton that remains, with its open-celled structure, can soak up and absorb liquid. Children are like sponges. They soak up attitudes and ideas with which they come in contact. We must be very careful, therefore, about what is allowed to fill their minds. What are your children absorbing in your home? What are they getting from television and from magazines? As they listen to your conversations, what kind of words and attitudes are being taken in? Are you setting a good example of love for the Lord and concern for others? Is there a warm spiritual emphasis in your home? Are you doing what you can to fill their hearts with God’s Word? Our children need a home where love Provides security, Where what we teach is not confused By what they hear and see. —Sper The values children absorb now are sure to flow out later. Deuteronomy 11:20 "You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates, Deuteronomy 11 Resources Related Passage: Deuteronomy 6:9 “You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates. REMEMBER GOD'S WORD WHEN YOU ENTER AND LEAVE YOUR HOUSE You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates - This passage does sound as if it could be taken literally. But I think a mezuzah hardly fulfills the intent of the passage and can become a ritual (even like a "charm" or "talisman") when rotely repeated (touching the mezuzah each time you enter and leave the house). If you want to do it literally, then place a passage like Dt 6:4-5 in bold font on your front door so all call see to Whom you have given your allegiance. Then every time you or a family member enters, you are reminded of who you are (in Christ) and Whose you are (Christ's!) Figuratively the idea would be as you go in or out of your home, be reminded of God and His Word, as His Word will guard you lips as you interact with your family and your life as you interact with the lost world.
Deuteronômio 11
Guzik has a nice summation - All the commandments are summarized in these three phrases. Each of these speaks of more than a bare, compelled obedience; they speak of a real relationship of love between God and His people, with obedience flowing naturally from that relationship. (Deuteronomy 11) Hold fast (Septuagint = proskollao)(1692) dabaq means to stick to, adhere to, cling to, join with, stay with, stay in close proximity to and which yields the noun form for "glue". Dabaq describes something that sticks or clings to something else (Ezek 29:4 and Ezekiel’s tongue to roof of his mouth Ezek. 3:26). Uses in Deuteronomy - ; Deut. 10:20; Deut. 11:22; Deut. 13:4 Deut. 13:17; Deut. 28:21 = "The LORD will make the pestilence cling to you until He has consumed you from the land" Deut. 28:60 ="He will bring back on you all the diseases of Egypt of which you were afraid, and they will cling to you."; Deut. 30:20; Deuteronomy 11:22–23 If ye shall keep all this Commandment, then will the Lord drive out. (R.V.) We wonder why the Lord does not drive out and subdue our besetting sins. We do not possess them, but they us. The explanation is to be found in our lack of consecration. We do not keep all his commandments, or walk in all his ways. God cannot deliver us from besetting sin unless we yield ourselves to Him entirely. — It is only when He is Judge, Lawgiver, and King, that He can save us. The great surgeon will not undertake a case unless he have its entire management. The general cannot protect a town until it has passed over its government entirely into his hands. If you would give yourself utterly and unreservedly to God, you would find how strong He is for those whose heart is perfect towards Him. Unless we obey all his commandments; because they contain his precise direction as to what we should, or should not do. If you want your medical man to heal you, you must abstain from things he forbids, and do those he prescribes. You cannot expect God to save you unless you utterly and reverently obey all his commandments; that, for instance of not having fellowship with the world and its ways. Unless we cleave unto Him. — There must be the daily walk with God, the abiding in Him, the holy and unbroken communion. “He that saith, I know Him, and keepeth not his commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him. But whose keepeth his word, in him truly is the love of God perfected.” “He that abideth in Him sinneth not.” The anointing of the Holy Spirit will teach us this sacred habit (1 John 2:27). But entire consecration must precede entire deliverance. The Way We Walk Just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. —Romans 6:4 Today's Scripture: Deuteronomy 11:13-23 A television program that I enjoy watching has a segment called Ambush Makeover. Two women are chosen to undergo 3 hours of pampering to update their hair, makeup, and wardrobe. The change is often dramatic. When the women step from behind a curtain, the audience gasps. Friends and family members sometimes start to cry. After all of this, the person with the new look finally gets to see herself. Some are so shocked that they keep looking in the mirror as if to find proof that it’s really them. As the women walk across the set to join their companions, the former self becomes evident. Most do not know how to walk in their new shoes. Although they look chic, their clumsy walk gives them away. Their transformation is incomplete. The new life in Christ has begun— The past with its darkness is gone; Look closer to see what the Savior has done, For change is beginning to dawn. —Hess A change in behavior begins with a change in the heart. James Smith - Handfuls of Purpose - THE SECRET OF VICTORY Deuteronomy 11:22–25 “Victor, yet Victim manifest, Love to its mighty task addressed; Victim, yet Victor—righteousness, Suffering our fallen race to bless. Victim, yet Victor—on the Cross, Redeeming our stupendous loss; Victim, yet Victor—sacrifice, By which eternally death dies.” The Lord Jesus Christ has left us an example, how a Victim to the will of God can become the Victor in the work of God. Learn here, O soul, that there is no other way into a life of triumph in His sight. We must be vanquished by the power of the Holy Ghost before we can be overcomers in this present evil world. The battle is the Lord’s, and He conquers in us. In these Scriptures indicated above, we have again before us some old words that breathe the vital breath of life for us. I. The Conditions. 1. A CONSECRATED LIFE. The yielded up life is here detailed in the following pointed and all-comprehensive terms (v. 22). (1) “Ye shall diligently keep all these commandments.” (2) “Ye shall love the Lord your God.” (3) “Ye shall walk in all His ways.” (4) “Ye shall cleave unto Him.” The consecrated—filled up—life is one that is daily being consumed, or eaten up, of zeal for the Lord, yet a life that is also daily replenished by the indwelling Spirit of burning. This holy fire, burning on the altar of the heart, is never to go out. Yield yourselves unto God, that your members may be instruments of righteousness. 2. AN ADVENTUROUS FAITH. “Every place where the soles of your feet shall tread upon shall be yours” (v. 24). “Faith laughs at impossibilities, and says it shall be done.” Abraham’s faith was adventurous when he went out, not knowing whither he went. Every promise claimed is a promise possessed. Believe, and thou shalt see. Those who are afraid of the deep will not catch many fishes. Have the courage to “launch out.” We need pioneers in the realms of faith as well as in the dark places of the earth, and no other field of exploration can ever yield such reward, for “every place where the sole of your feet shall tread upon shall be yours.” II. The Promises. Every promise of God rings like a dinner bell to the hungry, believing heart. They are open doors into the superabundant fulness of God, covenant bows that stretch across the dark brow of every cloud of difficulty, crowning it with glory. They are— 1. AS GREAT AS OUR NEED. “Then the Lord will drive out all these nations from before thee” (v. 23). “Then shall no man be able to stand before thee,” etc. (v. 25). Emphasis should be put on the first word, “then.” When they are in heart right with God, then He will magnify His Name in them by working miracles for them. This is a law in the kingdom of grace that is unalterable. Sanctify yourselves, and the Lord will do wonders. It is God’s little children that are said to be overcomers (1 John 4:4). It does not matter how strong the man is who would rob us of our goods the Lord is stronger than he. Let your trust be in Him (Luke 11:21). 2. AS SURE AS HIS WORD. “The Lord your God shall lay the fear of you upon all the land, as He hath said unto you” (v. 25). “Prove Me, and see if I will not do it for you.” “God is not a man that He should lie” (Num. 23:19), as if no man is worthy of our trust. What are adverse circumstances in the face of His Word? (Gen. 17:15). Faith will always find it even as He hath said (Mark 14:16). Hath God not also pledged that He will not alter the thing that has gone out of His lips? (Psa. 89:34). All His promises are seasoned with the salt of eternal faithfulness. Yes, we have a sure word wherein we do well to take heed. The words that I speak unto you they are spirit and life. Believest thou this? Deuteronomy 11:23 then the LORD will drive out all these nations from before you, and you will dispossess nations greater and mightier than you. De 4:37-38 Dt 7:1,2,22,23 Dt 9:1-2,5 Ex 23:27-30 34:11 Deuteronomy 11 Resources Related Passages: Deuteronomy 4:37-38+ (“Because He loved your fathers, therefore He chose their descendants after them. And He personally brought you from Egypt by His great power, 38 driving out from before you nations greater and mightier than you, to bring you in and to give you their land for an inheritance, as it is today. THE CONDITIONAL PROMISE Then the LORD (1) will drive out all these nations from before you - (cf. Ex. 34:24; Nu 32:21; Dt. 4:37–38; Dt 9:4–5; Josh. 23:5, 13) Observe that this is the first of 6 promises for obedience in this section (vv 23-25) The first promise is that Israel would experience supernatural success against her enemies. They would drive out military powers not because of their military prowess but because of their passion and practice of God's Word. One is reminded of the words in Zechariah 4:6 "Not by might nor by power, but by My Spirit,’ says the LORD of hosts." Guzik - God promised to fight the battles for an obedient Israel. Many desire God to fight their battles, but have little interest in obeying Him – or cultivating the deep relationship of love which obedience grows from. (Deuteronomy 11) And (2) you will dispossess nations greater and mightier than you - (Dt 7:17; 9:3; Nu 33:52) Israel would supernaturally possess the promised land. Deuteronomy 9:1-2+ (NOTE REPETITION OF GREAT) “Hear, O Israel! You are crossing over the Jordan today to go in to dispossess nations greater and mightier than you, great cities fortified to heaven, 2 a people great and tall, the sons of the Anakim, whom you know and of whom you have heard it said, ‘Who can stand before the sons of Anak?’ Deuteronomy 11:24 "Every place on which the sole of your foot treads shall be yours; your border will be from the wilderness to Lebanon, and from the river, the river Euphrates, as far as the western sea. Ge 15:18-21 Ex 23:31 Nu 34:3-15 Jos 1:3,4 14:9 1Ki 4:21,24 2Ch 9:26 Deuteronomy 11 Resources Related Passages: Genesis 15:18+ On that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, “To your descendants I have given this land, From the river of Egypt as far as the great river, the river Euphrates: Exodus 23:31+ “I will fix your boundary from the Red Sea to the sea of the Philistines, and from the wilderness to the River Euphrates; for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you will drive them out before you. 2 Chronicles 9:26 He (SOLOMON) was the ruler over all the kings from the Euphrates River (NOTE HE RULED OVER THE KINGS BUT DOES NOT SAY HE ACTUALLY POSSESSED THE LAND) even to the land of the Philistines, and as far as the border of Egypt. WALKING FORTH TO POSSESS POSSESSIONS (3) Every place on which the sole of your foot treads shall be yours - This continues the promise conditioned on obedience. Think about this statement for a moment. What if you don't tread? The promised land is there but it must be possessed by faith, faith that obeys, faith that walk forth believing God's promise of the gift of land. God repeated this promise to Joshua just before Israel crossed the Jordan River... Joshua 1:3 “Every place on which the sole of your foot treads, I have given it to you, just as I spoke to Moses. Kalland - The land that the people would acquire by obedience to the Lord (vv.22-23) under the covenant was limited in two ways: (1) by "every place where you set your foot" (v.24a) and (2) by geographic boundaries (v.24b). The Lord confirmed this promise to Joshua (Josh 1:3). He also had made a particular promise of this sort to Caleb (1:36), a promise that was fulfilled (Josh 14:9-13). (The Expositor's Bible Commentary – Volume 3: Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel) (4) your border will be from the wilderness to Lebanon (from south to north), and from the river, the river Euphrates, as far as the western sea (from east to west) - Israel's failure to obey resulted in their failure to fully inherit the land God had promised.
Deuteronômio 11
Guzik - Inherent in Israel’s disobedience was idolatry. Whenever we walk in disobedience, we exalt ourselves against God – and declaring that our rules, our standards, our desires, are all more important than His. This is idolatry in its most base – and common – form. (Deuteronomy 11) Deuteronomy 11:29 "It shall come about, when the LORD your God brings you into the land where you are entering to possess it, that you shall place the blessing on Mount Gerizim and the curse on Mount Ebal. the blessing: De 27:12-26 Jos 8:30-35 Deuteronomy 11 Resources Related Passages: Deuteronomy 27:11-26 Moses also charged the people on that day, saying, 12 “When you cross the Jordan, these shall stand on Mount Gerizim to bless the people: Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin. 13 “For the curse, these shall stand on Mount Ebal: Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali. 14 “The Levites shall then answer and say to all the men of Israel with a loud voice, 15 ‘Cursed is the man who makes an idol or a molten image, an abomination to the LORD, the work of the hands of the craftsman, and sets it up in secret.’ And all the people shall answer and say, ‘Amen.’ 16 ‘Cursed is he who dishonors his father or mother.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 17 ‘Cursed is he who moves his neighbor’s boundary mark.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 18‘Cursed is he who misleads a blind person on the road.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 19 ‘Cursed is he who distorts the justice due an alien, orphan, and widow.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 20 ‘Cursed is he who lies with his father’s wife, because he has uncovered his father’s skirt.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 21 ‘Cursed is he who lies with any animal.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 22‘Cursed is he who lies with his sister, the daughter of his father or of his mother.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 23 ‘Cursed is he who lies with his mother-in-law.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 24‘Cursed is he who strikes his neighbor in secret.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 25 ‘Cursed is he who accepts a bribe to strike down an innocent person.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 26 ‘Cursed is he who does not confirm the words of this law by doing them.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ Joshua 8:30-35 Then Joshua built an altar to the LORD, the God of Israel, in Mount Ebal, 31 just as Moses the servant of the LORD had commanded the sons of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of uncut stones on which no man had wielded an iron tool; and they offered burnt offerings on it to the LORD, and sacrificed peace offerings. 32 He wrote there on the stones a copy of the law of Moses, which he had written, in the presence of the sons of Israel. 33 All Israel with their elders and officers and their judges were standing on both sides of the ark before the Levitical priests who carried the ark of the covenant of the LORD, the stranger as well as the native. Half of them stood in front of Mount Gerizim and half of them in front of Mount Ebal, just as Moses the servant of the LORD had given command at first to bless the people of Israel. 34 Then afterward he read all the words of the law, the blessing and the curse, according to all that is written in the book of the law. 35 There was not a word of all that Moses had commanded which Joshua did not read before all the assembly of Israel with the women and the little ones and the strangers who were living among them. MOUNTAIN MEMORY AIDS Experts in the field of communications say that our learning is 89% visual, 10% auditory, and 1%. through the other senses. "Use a memorable visual image to represent that item. Images are important because they connect directly to your brain’s visuospatial centers. Images help you remember difficult concepts by tapping into visual areas. But you don’t just have to use images—the more of the five senses you can use, the easier it will be for you to recall information. Rather than just visualizing an image, try to smell, feel, and hear the image as well." (Learning Center) It shall come about, when the LORD your God brings you into the land where you are entering to possess it, that you shall place the blessing on Mount Gerizim (pix) and the curse on Mount Ebal (pix) - These two mountains would be stable, visual, immutable memory aids for Israel. Every time an Israelite saw these mountains, their presence would/should serve to stir memories of the blessings and curses read from each mountain as described in De 27:12-26 which Joshua obeyed (See passages above). Note that these mountains were on either side of the route Israel would take after crossing the Jordan and entering the promised land. Clearly God wanted this motivation (blessings) and warning (curses) to be seen graphically and immediately. Chronologically this blessing/cursing ritual would follow Israel's defeat of Jericho (Joshua 6:1-27) and the defeat of Israel at Ai and Achan's act of disobedience (Josh 7:1-26)
Deuteronômio 11
Guzik - The name Gerizim is supposed to be associated with fruitful harvests, and the name Ebal is supposed to be associated with barrenness. (Deuteronomy 11) Related Resources: Gerizim - Wikipedia Ebal - Wikipedia What is the importance of Shechem in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org ISBE describes the area of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal: "The two mountains mentioned were selected for this act, no doubt because they were opposite to one another, and stood, each about 2,500 feet high, in the very centre of the land. Ebal stands upon the north side, Gerizim upon the south. Ebal ... rises north of the vale of Shechem, over against Mt. Gerizim on the south. The mountain ... reaches a height of 1,402 feet above the floor of the valley, and 3,077 feet above the level of the Mediterranean ... These two mountains overhang the pass through which runs the main artery of intercourse between east and west, the city of Nablus lying in the throat of the valley to the west". Holman Bible Dictionary - Gerizim and Ebal - Closely related place names meaning, “cut off ones” and “stripped one” or “baldy.” Two mountains which form the sides of an important east-west pass in central Israel known as the valley of Shechem. Ancient Shechem lies at the east entrance of this valley, and modern Nablus stands in the narrow valley between the two mountains. Shechem is located some 40 miles north of Jerusalem and, because of the mountainous terrain, controls all roads through the central hill country of Israel. Gerizim (modern Jebel et-Tor) stands 2,849 feet above the Mediterranean and 700 feet above the valley. Ebal (modern Jebel Eslamiyeh) was located directly opposite Gerizim and Isaiah 2,950 feet above sea level. Both of the mountains are steep and rocky and perhaps gave reason to the probable meaning of Shechem: “shoulder(s).” The mountains, standing like two sentinels, could be fortified and assure control of this important valley. Excavations have shown architectural features which imply its commercial and military importance in the area. When the Israelites conquered central Israel, Joshua carried out the directive given by Moses, and placed half of the tribes on Mount Gerizim to pronounce the blessing (Deuteronomy 27:12 ) and the other half on Mount Ebal to pronounce the curses (Deuteronomy 11:29; Joshua 8:30-35 ). Joshua built an altar on Ebal (Joshua 8:30 ). Jotham proclaimed his famous kingship fable to the citizens of Shechem from Mount Gerizim (Judges 9:7 ), thus using its sacred tradition to reinforce the authority of his message. After the Assyrians captured the Northern Kingdom, the mixed race of people began mixing pagan worship and worship of Yahweh (2 Kings 17:33 ). Gerizim disappears from biblical history until after the Babylonian Exile and the Persian restoration. The Jewish historian Josephus reported that Alexander the Great gave permission to the Samaritans to build a temple on Mount Gerizim. Archaeologists think they have found remains of this temple, 66 x 66 feet and 30 feet high, built of uncut rocks without cement. Josephus also reported that John Hyrcanus destroyed the temple in 128 B.C. Archaeologists have also found remains of the temple to Zeus Hypsistos which Hadrian, the Roman emperor, built after A.D. 100. Over 1500 marble steps led to the pagan temple. The small Samaritan community continues to worship on Gerizim today, just as they did in Jesus' lifetime when He met the Samaritan woman drawing water from Jacob's well. She pointed to traditional worship on the mountain (John 4:20 ). Gerizim: Gerizim and Ebal, mountains west of Jordan, and in the tribe of Ephraim, are opposite, or parallel to each other, extending from east to west; mount Gerizim being on the south, and mount Ebal on the north. They are separated by the beautiful valley in which Shechem or Nablous is situated, which is only about 200 paces in width. Both mountains are much alike in length, height, and figure; being about a league in length, in the form of a semicircle, and so steep, on the side of Shechem, that there is scarcely any shelving: their altitude appeared to Mr. Buckingham nearly equal, not exceeding 700 or 800 feet from the level of the valley, which is itself elevated. But though they resemble each other in these particulars, yet in another they are very dissimilar; for, says Maundrell, "though neither of the mountains has much to boast of as to its pleasantness, yet, as one passes between them, Gerizim seems to discover a somewhat more verdant, fruitful aspect then Ebal: the reason of which may be, because fronting towards the north, it is sheltered from the heat of the sun by its own shade; whereas Ebal, looking southward, and receiving the sun that comes directly upon it, must by consequence be rendered more scorched and unfruitful." A LIST OF THE MOST FAMOUS MOUNTAINS NAMED IN SCRIPTURE Amalek, in the tribe of Ephraim. Jud 12:15. Calvary, near Jerusalem. Lu 23:33. Carmel, near the Mediterranean. Jos 19:26 Ebal, near to Gerizim. Jos 8:30. En-gedi, near the Dead Sea. Jos 15:62. Gaash, in the tribe of Ephraim. Jos 24:30. Gilboa, south of the valley of Israel. 2 Sa 1:21. Gilead, beyond Jordan. Ge 31:21-25 Gerizim, on which afterwards stood a temple of the Samaritans. Jud 9:7. Hermon, beyond Jordan. Jos 11:3. Hor, in Idumea. Nu 20:22. Horeb, in Arabia Petrea, near to Sinai. De 1:2. Lebanon, separates Syria from Palestine. De 3:25. Moriah, where the temple was built. 2 Ch 3:1. Nebo, part of the mountains of Abarim. Nu 32:3. Olives, east of Jerusalem, divided only by brook Kidron. 1 Ki 11:1, 7. 2 Ki 23:13. Ac 1:12. Paran, in Arabia Petrea. Ge 14:6. De 1:1. Pisgah, beyond Jordan. Nu 21:20. De 34:1. Seir, in Idume. Ge 14:6. Sinai, in Arabia Petrea. Ex 19:2. De 33:2. Sion, near to mount Moriah. 2 Sa 5:7. Tabor, in the Lower Galilee. Jud 4:6. QUESTION - What is the significance of Mount Gerizim in the Bible? ANSWER - Mount Gerizim is a mountain located in the central Samaritan highlands. Its summit is about 2,800 feet above sea level. Mount Gerizim sits directly opposite Mount Ebal with the biblical city of Shechem (What is the importance of Shechem?) resting in the pass between the two elevations. Mount Gerizim on the south side of the valley and Mount Ebal to the north played significant roles in a ceremony renewing Israel’s covenant with the Lord upon entering the Promised Land. Mount Gerizim, situated about 30 miles north of Jerusalem, is known as Jabal at Tur today. Mount Ebal (modern Jabal Ibal) and Mount Gerizim are the two highest mountains in this region of the Holy Land. Shechem, at the base of Mount Gerizim, was a well-traveled trade intersection in ancient times. It was also one of the most frequently referenced cities of the Old Testament. Through Moses, God gave detailed instructions for a ceremony of “blessings and cursings” to take place when the people of Israel entered Canaan (Deuteronomy 27:1–26). The ceremony would symbolize the renewal of Israel’s covenant commitment to the Lord. Once they had crossed the Jordan, the Israelites were to build a monument of stones containing the words of the law, as well as an altar for offering sacrifices to the Lord (verses 1–8). Worshiping the Lord and obeying God’s Word were to be essentials for Israel’s existence in the Promised Land. After the law of Moses was written on the stones, the people were to divide into two groups. Half of Israel’s tribes were to gather on Mount Gerizim and the other half on Mount Ebal, while the priests with the Ark of the Covenant were to stand in the valley between. As the Levites read the blessings for obeying the law, the six tribes on Mount Gerizim were to pronounce a resounding “Amen!” When the Levites recited the curses for disobeying the law, the other six tribes on Mount Ebal were to give a great cry of “Amen!” (Deuteronomy 27:9–26). Joshua, successor to Moses, faithfully and precisely carried out these instructions, as recorded in Joshua 8:30–35. Through the solemn ceremony, Israel was reminded of the importance of loyal obedience to God and the foolishness of disobedience. In this way, Mount Gerizim came to be known as the “mount of blessing.” Mount Gerizim also served as the stage of a pivotal event in the period of the judges. Gideon’s son Abimelech convinced the people of Shechem to make him king by conspiring with his mother’s relatives there. He had his half-brothers, the 70 sons of Gideon, slaughtered. Only Jotham survived. From atop Mount Gerizim, which overlooks Shechem, Jotham delivered his “Fable of the Bramble King,” a story damning Abimelech and cursing the townspeople (Judges 9:5–20). His words had no immediate impact, but within three years Abimelech lost favor with his supporters in Shechem. Eventually, he was killed while fighting against them when a woman dropped a millstone from a tower, crushing his skull (Judges 9:22–57). The New Testament does not mention Mount Gerizim by name, but it figures notably in the story of Jesus and the Samaritan woman, who called it the mountain where “our fathers worshiped” (John 4:20–23). According to Genesis 12:6–7, Abraham built an altar there, and in Genesis 33:18–20 Jacob constructed an altar there as well. For the Samaritans, Mount Gerizim had been a sacred site for the worship of God for centuries. On this mountain the Samaritans had built a temple to rival the Jewish temple in Jerusalem. But Jesus told the Samaritan woman that the physical location of our worship is not important. Temples and tabernacles, cities and mountains: these were only fading symbols that pointed to the spiritual reality—Jesus Christ—who was standing in front of her. True worshipers must worship the Lord their God in spirit and in truth.GotQuestions.org QUESTION - What is the significance of Mount Ebal in the Bible? ANSWER - Mount Ebal is located in the Promised Land of Israel, near the middle of Samaria. It is one of a pair of twin peaks, the other being Mount Gerizim. Both mountains were designated by God for the reading of His blessings and curses Israel would incur for obeying or disobeying His law. Deuteronomy 11:26–29 records the Lord’s words to Israel: ”See, I am setting before you today a blessing and a curse—the blessing if you obey the commands of the Lord your God that I am giving you today; the curse if you disobey the commands of the Lord your God. . . . When the Lord your God has brought you into the land you are entering to possess, you are to proclaim on Mount Gerizim the blessings, and on Mount Ebal the curses.” The Bible identifies Mount Ebal as “near the great trees of Moreh, in the territory of those Canaanites living in the Arabah in the vicinity of Gilgal” (verse 30). Today Mount Ebal is known as Sitti Salamiyah, so named for a female Islamic saint whose tomb stands on the eastern side of the ridge, just before the highest point. Tradition holds that the location of the twin peaks is such that people beneath the mountains could hear words being read on either. Over the centuries various groups have experimented with that claim. God instructed Moses to build an altar of rough stones, covered with plaster, on Mount Ebal (Deuteronomy 27:2–3). The Israelites were to write the words of the law on this altar. However, God forbade Moses himself to enter the Promised Land because of his rebellion, so it was Joshua, his successor, who actually built the altar on Ebal (Joshua 8:30). God chose the tribes of Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali to stand on Mount Ebal as the curses were pronounced as a warning to all Israel (Deuteronomy 27:13). The tribes of Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin were to stand on Mount Gerizim as the blessings on the people were pronounced (Deuteronomy 27:12). After the battles of Jericho and Ai, Joshua led the people to Mount Ebal and did all that God had commanded Moses. He gathered the people together to read the law: “Half of the people stood in front of Mount Gerizim and half of them in front of Mount Ebal, as Moses the servant of the LORD had formerly commanded when he gave instructions to bless the people of Israel” (Joshua 8:33). With the children of Israel divided on the foothills of the two mountains, the Levites stood in the valley between them and read the words of the law. The reading was thorough: “Every word of every command that Moses had ever given was read to the entire assembly of Israel, including the women and children and the foreigners who lived among them” (verse 35, NLT). The formal reading of the law in the people’s presence and with their participation represented a renewal of the covenant. The curses that were read toward Mount Ebal as a warning to the Israelites in the Promised Land were a reminder that the Mosaic Covenant was conditional. Built in to the law were punishments for disobedience. Curses at Ebal were leveled against those who practiced idolatry, dishonored their parents, took advantage of the vulnerable, withheld justice, committed murder, took bribes, or committed various sexual sins. After each curse, the people were all to say, “Amen!” (Deuteronomy 27:15–26). This response showed that the people heard, understood, and agreed. It is unknown why the Lord chose those particular mountains as symbols of His blessing and curses. Perhaps it was because they stood so close together that the people could hear all at once. God also wanted His people to understand that His blessings and curses were separate. He did not even want them to be pronounced together. The Israelites were to be a holy people, set apart from the heathen nations around them (Exodus 19:6; 22:31; Leviticus 19:2). Mount Ebal stood as a warning that God takes sin seriously and that harsh consequences follow the breaking of His laws. GotQuestions.org Deuteronomy 11:30 "Are they not across the Jordan, west of the way toward the sunset, in the land of the Canaanites who live in the Arabah, opposite Gilgal, beside the oaks of Moreh? Gilgal: Ge 12:6 Jos 5:9 Jdg 7:1 Deuteronomy 11 Resources THE LOCATION OF MOUNTAINS OF BLESSING AND CURSING Are they not across the Jordan, west of the way toward the sunset, in the land of the Canaanites who live in the Arabah, opposite Gilgal, beside the oaks of Moreh? - The Arabah is the Jordan Valley south of the Dead Sea.