Deuteronômio 32
F.B. Meyer · Citado em PreceptAustin
Deuteronômio 32
Meyer - Deuteronomy 32:11 As an eagle stirreth up her nest that fluttereth over her young. Three references are made to the eagle in this passage. She stirs up her nest. — When her fledglings are old enough to fly, but linger around the few bits of stick, dignified as a nest, the mother-bird breaks it up, and scatters them. How much better this, than that they should miss the luxury of flight on outspread pinions in the blue vault, and of basking in the eye of the sun. So when the Father sees his children clinging to earth s bare rocks, captured and held by the poor sticks they have gathered, and missing the ascension — glory, He breaks up the nest. The fortune is dispersed, the home broken up, the aspect of the life changed. We are then able to enjoy the bliss of life in the heavenlies with Christ Jesus. As flutters over her young. — They stand seared and wretched on the edge of the rock, but she careers gently above them, now edging around, now mounting, then dropping far below to rise again. So would she allure them to follow her example. Here again we have an emblem of God’s efforts to make us imitators of Himself, to teach us the possibilities that await us in Jesus. She spreads forth her goings and takes them. — Incited by the mother’s endeavors, the eaglet may venture on the untried air, and lo! the unaccustomed wings fail beneath its weight. It falls, but not far, for the mother swoops beneath, and bears it up and away. Trembling soul, God is beneath thee. If thy faith fails, and thou art falling, like another Peter, into a bottomless abyss, He will catch thee, and bear thee up, and teach thee the mystery of the more abundant life. Deuteronomy 32:11-12 A farmer noticed a bird busily building a nest. Unfortunately, the spot was in a heap of dead branches recently pruned from some trees. Realizing that this was a dangerous place for hatching a brood, the farmer destroyed the nest. The next day, the persistent mother-to-be tried again, and for a second time the farmer thwarted her efforts. On the third day the bird finally began constructing her nest on a limb near the man's kitchen door. This time he let it remain. The unsafe pile of branches from which he had twice driven her was burned long before the bird's eggs were hatched. We too find that at times our plans are thwarted. We wonder why God would break up the earthly nests we have struggled and worked so hard to build. But were we able to see as He sees, we would know that He seeks for us a higher destiny, a place of greater security and provision for our needs. —H. G. Bosch Deuteronomy 32:12 "The LORD alone guided him, And there was no foreign god with him. LORD: De 1:31 Ne 9:12 Ps 27:11 Ps 78:14,52,53 Ps 80:1 Ps 136:16 Isa 46:4 Isa 63:9-13 no: Isa 43:11,12 Isa 44:7,8 Related Passage: Deuteronomy 1:31 and in the wilderness where you saw how the LORD your God carried you, just as a man carries his son, in all the way which you have walked until you came to this place.’ Nehemiah 9:12 “And with a pillar of cloud You led them by day, And with a pillar of fire by night To light for them the way In which they were to go. Psalms 78:14; 52; 53 Then He led them with the cloud by day And all the night with a light of fire. 52 But He led forth His own people like sheep And guided them in the wilderness like a flock; 53 He led them safely, so that they did not fear; But the sea engulfed their enemies. Ps 81:9 “Let there be no strange god (Dt 32:16) among you; Nor shall you worship any foreign god. Malachi 2:11 Judah has dealt treacherously, and an abomination has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem; for Judah has profaned the sanctuary of the LORD which He loves and has married the daughter of a foreign god. YAHWEH WAS THEIR "WILDERNESS GUIDE" The LORD alone guided him - Guided is imperfect and indicates God was continually guiding them during this time. And there was no foreign god with him - NLT has "they following no foreign gods." CSB has "with no help from a foreign god" which gives a good sense of the intended meaning that it was Yahweh alone who led Israel. The point is that other "gods" has no part in leading Israel in the wilderness, which makes it all the more preposterous and groundless that Israel should subsequently neglect Him and forget Him (Dt 32:18)! Their actions reflect inexcusable ingratitude. Driver - In thus sustaining Israel through the desert, Jehovah was, in fact, leading him (Ex. 13:21, 15:13) to his home: He was, moreover, doing this alone, without the co-operation of any other god. Deuteronomy 32:7-12 Reframing The Picture As an eagle stirs up its nest, . . . spreading out its wings, . . . so the Lord alone led [Jacob]. —Deuteronomy 32:11-12 For 3 months I had a ringside seat— or should I say a bird’s-eye view—of God’s amazing handiwork. Ninety feet above the floor of Norfolk Botanical Garden, workers installed a webcam focused on the nest of a family of bald eagles, and online viewers were allowed to watch. When the eggs hatched, Mama and Papa Eagle were attentive to their offspring, taking turns hunting for food and guarding the nest. But one day when the eaglets still looked like fuzzballs with beaks, both parents disappeared. I worried that harm had come to them. My concern was unfounded. The webcam operator enlarged the camera angle, and there was Mama Eagle perched on a nearby branch. As I pondered this “reframed” picture, I thought of times when I have feared that God had abandoned me. The view in the forest heights of Virginia reminded me that my vision is limited. I see only a small part of the entire scene. Under His wings I am safely abiding; Though the night deepens and tempests are wild, Still I can trust Him—I know He will keep me; He has redeemed me and I am His child. —Cushing Because the Lord is watching over us, we don’t have to fear the dangers around us Deuteronomy 32:13 "He made him ride on the high places of the earth, And he ate the produce of the field; And He made him suck honey from the rock, And oil from the flinty rock, ride: De 33:26,29 Isa 58:14 Eze 36:2 honey: Job 29:6 Ps 81:16 Isa 48:21 Eze 21:17 RIDING HIGH WITH YAHWEH Now Moses recalls how Israel was enabled to take possession of the fertile soil of Canaan. He made him ride on the high places of the earth - NET = "He enabled him to travel over the high terrain of the land" Driver - In clause a the poet uses a fine imaginative figure, implying triumphant and undisputed possession; similarly Dt 33:29 (תדרך), Hab. 3:19 (ידריכני), Ps. 18:34 (יעמידני); and of God, marching as sovereign over the earth, Am. 4:13, Mic. 1:3, or sea, Job. 9:8 (in all דֹּרֵךְ) This passage suggests the terms of the promise in Is. 58:14. And he ate the produce of the field - "Fruitage of the field (תנובת שדי)] exactly so Lam. 4:9" (Driver ) When they entered the Promised Land, they were given the produce of the Canaanites initially and thereafter Yahweh sent early and latter rains to make the land incredibly productive. And He made him suck honey from the rock - NIV - "He nourished him with honey from the rock" Driver - Honey out of the crag, - even places that might be expected to be naturally barren yielded rich and valued products, which Israel might suck—i.e. enjoy with relish (Dt 33:19, Is. 60:16, 66:11, 12)—in its Palestinian home. Palestine, says Tristram (DB.2 i. 377), is by its flora well suited to bees; and in the wadys “innumerable caves and fissures of the dry limestone rocks afford shelter and protection for the combs.” Hence honey might literally be found oozing out from among the rocks. And oil from the flinty rock (cf Dt 8:15) - NET - "olive oil from the hardest of rocks," "Olive oil from rock probably suggests olive trees growing on rocky ledges and yet doing so productively." (NET NOTE) The olive also flourishes in sandy, and even in rocky soil (cf. Job 29:6). Norman Geisler - When Critics Ask - DEUTERONOMY 32:13–14—How could there be sufficient pasture for the herds of 2 million people in a desert? PROBLEM: The Bible informs us that the children of Israel wandered in the “desert” for 40 years (cf. Ex. 19:2; 23:31). They numbered over 600,000 adult men (Ex. 12:37; Num. 1:1–4:49), which would be a total population of some 2 million. But, Deuteronomy 32:13–14 speaks of there being plenty of produce for them and their flocks, which seems highly improbable for this many people and flocks in a “desert.” SOLUTION: Several things should be kept in mind. First of all, the Hebrew word “desert” does not imply the total desolation that it may connote today. It can be translated “wilderness.” There were rivers and pastures in this wilderness. Second, there is good evidence, even from modern times, that this wilderness had far more water and vegetation than it presently does, as is demonstrated by archaeological exploration of the remains of previous civilizations in that area. Finally, God Himself provided for all their needs in the wilderness in several ways: 1. God provided them ample food (manna) for the entire 40 years (Ex. 16:35). 2. He also gave water “abundantly” for them and their flocks (Num. 20:11). 3. Since they came with “a great deal of livestock” (Ex. 12:38), they would naturally have plenty of milk to drink. 4. Since the land was apparently more arid than today, there were undoubtedly natural rivers, springs, and pastures as well. 5. By commerce with the surrounding nations (Midianites, Edomites, and Ishmaelites), they could obtain other needed things with the large amount of silver and gold they took from Egypt (cf. Ex. 12:35–36). Deuteronomy 32:14 Curds of cows, and milk of the flock, With fat of lambs, And rams, the breed of Bashan, and goats, With the finest of the wheat-- And of the blood of grapes you drank wine. Curds of cows: Ge 18:8 Jdg 5:25 2Sa 17:29 Job 20:17 Isa 7:15,22 Bashan: Ps 22:12 Eze 39:18 Am 4:1 Mic 7:14 the fat: Ps 81:16 147:14 blood: Ge 49:11 Mt 26:28,29 Joh 6:55,56 Related Passage: Genesis 49:11 “He ties his foal to the vine, And his donkey’s colt to the choice vine; He washes his garments in wine, And his robes in the blood of grapes. Curds of cows, and milk of the flock - Driver comments "The poet eloquently continues his enumeration of the choice and varied products of Palestine—the flocks and herds which fattened upon its pastures, and the vines which clothed its hillsides with purple crops. חמאה is not “butter,” but curdled or sour milk, still esteemed in the East as a refreshing beverage, and often offered to travellers. It is now called leben (DB. s.v. MILK). Cp. Ge. 18:8, Jdg. 5:25, 2 Sa 17:29, Job 20:17, 29:6." With fat of lambs and rams, the breed of Bashan, and goats - Livestock was Israel's in abundance. Driver - "it seems to denote such as, from their age or kind, were a special delicacy: cf. 1 S. 15:9, Am. 6:4." Driver - Herds of Bashan celebrated for their strength and size (cf. on Dt 3:1). With the finest of the wheat and of the blood of grapes you drank wine - The staples wheat and grapes were given to Israel. Driver explains the Hebrew word finest is most often translated "fat" - Fat, figurative of what is best or finest, occurs Nu. 18:12 (the “fat” of oil and of new wine), and in the phrase “fat of wheat,” Ps. 81:16) (doubtless a reminiscence from this passage) Ps 147:14: the fat about the kidneys being the richest (cf. Lev. 3:4; Is. 34:6 “kidney-fat of rams”), the “kidney-fat of wheat” denotes the choicest and most nutritious wheat. Deuteronomy 32:15 "But Jeshurun grew fat and kicked-- You are grown fat, thick, and sleek-- Then he forsook God who made him, And scorned the Rock of his salvation. Jeshurun: De 33:5,26 Isa 44:2 kicked: 1Sa 2:29 Acts 9:5 grown fat, thick, and sleek: De 31:20 Job 15:27 Ps 17:10 73:7 119:70 Isa 6:10 Ac 28:27 Ro 2:4,5 then he: De 6:10-12 Dt 8:10-14 31:16,20 Ne 9:25 Isa 1:4 Jer 2:5 5:7,28 Ho 13:6 the Rock: De 32:4 2Sa 22:47 Ps 18:46 89:26 95:1 Related Passages: Deuteronomy 33:5 “And He was king in Jeshurun, When the heads of the people were gathered, The tribes of Israel together. Deuteronomy 33:26 “There is none like the God of Jeshurun, Who rides the heavens to your help, And through the skies in His majesty. Isaiah 44:2 Thus says the LORD who made you And formed you from the womb, who will help you, ‘Do not fear, O Jacob My servant; And you Jeshurun whom I have chosen. Deuteronomy 8:10-14+ “When you have eaten and are satisfied,you shall bless the LORD your God for the good land which He has given you. 11 “Beware that you do not forget the LORD your God by not keeping His commandments and His ordinances and His statutes which I am commanding you today; 12 otherwise, when you have eaten and are satisfied, and have built good houses and lived in them, 13 and when your herds and your flocks multiply, and your silver and gold multiply, and all that you have multiplies, 14 then your heart will become proud and you will forget the LORD your God who brought you out from the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. Jeremiah 5:28 ‘They are fat, they are sleek, They also excel in deeds of wickedness; They do not plead the cause, The cause of the orphan, that they may prosper; And they do not defend the rights of the poor. 1 Sa 2:29 ‘Why do you kick at My sacrifice and at My offering which I have commanded in My dwelling, and honor your sons above Me, by making yourselves fat with the choicest of every offering of My people Israel?’ THE DANGER OF MATERIAL PROSPERITY Outline of the Song of Moses Israel's creation and Yahweh's gracious treatment (Dt 32:1-14, vv5-6 are perjorative toward Israel) Israel's unfaithfulness and spurning of Yahweh (Dt 32:15-19) Yahweh's judgment decreed (Dt 32:20-35) Yahweh's promise of victory over all adversaries of Israel (Dt 32:36-43) Deuteronomy 32:15-18 details Israel's ingratitude, defection and rebellion which was the result of Yahweh's provision of an abundance of good things! THOUGHT - Is there not a strong warning for us today, especially believers in America, who have so many good things from Yahweh and we so easily forget He is the Giver? I confess that I all too infrequently recall James 1:17+ to mind that " Every good thing given and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or shifting shadow." God's Warnings are serious, but if they are heard and heeded, they bring blessing and life, not cursing and death. They are like the warnings at the Grand Canyon to not go too near the edge lest you fall and die. Seventeen people died at the Grand Canyon in 2018, out of about 6.4 million people who visited the canyon in 2018. GOD'S MESSAGE IS DON'T GO NEAR THE EDGE! But - Another sad term of contrast. Jeshurun grew fat and kicked - She was like an animal kicking at the one who feed and sustained her! Jeshurun (4x = Dt. 32:15, 33:5,26; Isa.44:2) means "the Upright One" (derived from yasar meaning straight, just, right) and is a term of endearment and refers ironically to Israel (Dt 33:5, 26), as what should have been their ideal character ("upright" = adhering strictly to moral principles). A good beginning ("Upright" cf Israel's call = Ex 19:6, Dt 14:2) does not guarantee an upright course and a smooth landing, "right side up"! Moses is describing the declension of Israel from her ideal state of the "upright one." Elsewhere (33:5, 26, Is. 44:2† defecerant” (Calv.). Elsewhere Jeshurun is used as a title of honour (Dt 33:5,26; Isa.44:2 Kicked is used figuratively, resisting Yahweh's gentle, loving "prodding" with the goad of His Law, much like Paul (Saul) resisted the Lord's goad in Acts 26:14+ when Jesus asked "‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting Me? It is hard for you to kick against the goads." Israel was just like Saul kicking against the goads! The Septuagint renders grew fat with the verb apolaktizo which means to engage in a kicking motion on which BDAG comments "in the use of Dt 32:15 in 1 Cl 3:1 (cp. Just., D. 20, 1), where the meaning in the light of the context probably means to ‘kick up (the heels)’, in a demonstration of proud (ED: I WOULD ADD "REBELLIOUS") independence (and so "to spurn")." The Septuagint translation is even more dramatic (and tragic) reading "The beloved (agapao in perfect tense) One they kicked."
Deuteronômio 32
Meyer - Our Daily Walk GOD'S HERITAGE IN HUMANITY "The Lord's portion is His people."-- Deuteronomy 32:9. "According as He hath chosen us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before Him in love."-- Eph1:4. WE DO not become God's property when we consecrate ourselves to Him, but only awake to see that we are already His, and assume that manner of life which they should live who are not their own, but have been bought with a price (1Co6:19-20). The three symbols of God's care of His own, as enumerated by Moses in his Song, are exquisitely beautiful. "He kept him as the apple of his eye" (Deuteronomy 32:10). Almost instinctively we raise our hand to protect the eyes if anything threatens us, and it is thus with God's care to us. How carefully the eye is preserved from impurity and evil by the strong bony socket in which it is set, by the eyebrows and lashes which catch the dust and grit, by the eyelid closing over, and the tear-water washing it. Thus the soul which God loves may pass through the evil of the world without taint or soil, because of His gracious keeping power. "As an eagle" (Deuteronomy 32:11). When the young eaglets are able to fly, but hover about their nest, unwilling to venture from the cliff, the mother-bird breaks up their eerie home, drives the fledglings forth on to the air, compels them to use their wings, flutters beneath to catch them if they are inclined to fall, and bears them up on her strong wings until they can fly alone. So it is in life that sometimes God has to break up the happy conditions to which we have been accustomed from our birth, and drive us forth. But it is for our good since only so can we acquire the glorious powers of sustained flight on the wings of the wind. Divine leading (Deuteronomy 32:12). God teaches us to go as a mother her little child; His hand leads and guides our tottering steps (Hos11:3-4). The Epistle to the Ephesians gives us a list of the blessings, like a string of pearls, which God our Father, the Owner and Lover of our souls, heaps upon us, and is waiting for us to appropriate and use (Deuteronomy 1:3). His love to us is no passing fancy, but the carrying out of an eternal purpose. He redeems us from the love and power of sin; He abounds towards us with the riches of His grace; we are kept and sealed by the Holy Spirit; and ultimately shall be presented before Him, without blemish, to the praise of His glory. PRAYER: What can I lack if I have Thee, Who art all Good? Verily, the heart is restless, until it rest in Thee alone. AMEN. C H