Salmos 95
Bob Utley · You Can Understand the Bible
Salmos 95:1-5
95:1-5 This strophe is a call (IMPERATIVE and 4 COHORTATIVES) to praise YHWH as King and Creator. O come ‒ BDB 229, KB 246, Qal IMPERATIVE let us sing for joy ‒ BDB 943, KB 1247, Piel COHORTATIVE, cf. Ps. 66:1; 81:1 let us shout joyfully ‒ BDB 929, KB 1206, Hiphil COHORTATIVE let us come before His presence (i.e., temple) ‒ BDB 869, KB 1068, Piel COHORTATIVE let us shout joyfully ‒ BDB 929, KB 1206, Hiphil IMPERFECT used in a COHORTATIVE sense These are calls to worship at the temple (cf. v. 2a). The worship is due because YHWH is the rock of our salvation ‒ this and similar descriptions function as titles mostly in Psalms and Isaiah God of my salvation ‒ Ps. 88:1; (cf. Ps. 24:5; 27:9) my Savior and my God ‒ Ps. 42:5-6,11; 43:5 my rock and my salvation ‒ 2 Sam. 22:47; Ps. 62:2,7; 89:26; 94:22; 95:1 God our Savior ‒ Ps. 65:5; 68:19; 85:4; 149:4 (see NIDOTTE, vol. 2, p. 561) a great God (El), cf. Ps. 48:1; 96:4; 135:5; 145:3 a great King (cf. 1 Sam. 8:7; see SPECIAL TOPIC: OT TITLES FOR THE SPECIAL COMING ONE) above all gods (cf. Exod. 15:11; 18:11; Ps. 96:4; 97:9; 135:5,; this is the use of Elohim, which should retain its PLURAL form, cf. Exod. 3:6; 20:3, see SPECIAL TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY, C. SPECIAL TOPIC: MONOTHEISM The Jewish Study Bible, p. 1389, thinks this Psalm, like those around it, relate to a royal coronation event (possibly yearly). They connect it to Ps. 47:1-2; 98:4-6. 95:1 "the rock of our salvation" The imagery of Israel's God as a rock is recurrent (cf. Deut. 32:4, 15,18,30,31; 1 Sam. 2:2; 2 Sam. 22:3,32,47; 23:3; Ps. 18:2,31,46; 28:1; 61:2,7; 78:35; 89:26; 92:15; 94:22). It describes Him as strong, eternal, stable, and a place of safety and security! SPECIAL TOPIC: SALVATION (OT) 95:4 "the depths of the earth" The word "depths" (מחקר, BDB 350, KB 571) appears only here. It is in a CONSTRUCT relationship with "earth" and parallel to "the peaks of the mountains." This is obviously a physical creation poetic line (i.e., Ps. 95:4-5), which denotes YHWH's creation of all physical features of this planet. He is the King and Creator of physical reality (not other ANE deities or myths). Today the question would be, "Is physical creation random or purposeful?" Believers shout "purposeful"! Just an added thought. In the previous paragraph I related Ps. 95:4 to 95:3a. It is possible to relate it to 95:3b. If so, then "the depths" and "the mountains" would be places the ANE expected the gods to be. In those places it was not "the gods" (elohim) but YHWH, the Elohim of creation (Genesis 1-2) who reigns! SPECIAL TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY, C. ▣ "hand" Notice that "hand" appears again in Psalm 95:5. SPECIAL TOPIC: HAND SPECIAL TOPIC: ANTHROPOMORPHIC LANGUAGE TO DESCRIBE GOD 95:5 "The sea. . .He who made it" It is surprising that in Genesis 1 the only earthly element not spoken into existence was water (salt and fresh). God does separate the waters and controls their boundaries but He is not said to create them, so too, Psalm 104. However, the theological assertion that He created all things including the "seas" is made in Neh. 9:6; Ps. 95:5; 146:6; Jonah 1:9. See SPECIAL TOPIC: WATERS Also notice that Ps. 95:5b asserts God formed (BDB 427, KB 468, Qal PERFECT) dry land. Genesis 1:9-10 asserts it was by the spoken word. Remember this is ANE imagery. We should not create theology on poetic lines. I think Genesis 1-11 is both historical and literary. Please see the exegetical commentary on Genesis at www.freebiblecommentary.org. Western, modern people are far too literal and atomistic in their approach to Scripture (see online Seminar on Bible Interpretation). A book that has really helped me is John H. Walton's The Lost Word of Genesis One: An Ancient Cosmology.
Salmos 95:6-7
95:6-11 This strophe is addressed to the Covenant people, calling them to worship (Ps. 95:6; i.e., at the temple) come (lit. "come in"; different word from Ps. 95:1 but parallel) ‒ BDB 97, KB 112, Qal IMPERATIVE let us worship ‒ BDB 1005, KB 295, Hishtaphel IMPERFECT used in a COHORTATIVE sense let us bow down ‒ BDB 502, KB 499, Qal COHORTATIVE let us kneel before ‒ BDB 138, KB 159, Qal COHORTATIVE respond in faith (Ps. 95:7) not be hard hearted, as they were in the past (i.e., wilderness wandering period, Ps. 95:8-11) SPECIAL TOPIC: WORSHIP 95:6 "our Maker" Genesis 2:7 describes the special formation of Adam. The animals are said to be formed out of the ground also in Gen. 2:19 (same VERB, BDB 427, KB 428). In Ps. 139:13-16 ("weave," BDB 697, KB 754) and Job 31:15 ("made," BDB 793, KB 889, also Ps. 139:15) God forms each human in the womb (cf. Ps. 139:13-16). The variety is literary but the truth is God did it/does it (cf. Ps. 100:3; 149:2; Isa. 17:7; Hosea 8:14). Humans are a special creation of God in His image and likeness (Gen. 1:26-27) for the purpose of fellowship! To miss this is to miss the value and dignity of humankind (cf. Psalm 8). SPECIAL TOPIC: YHWH'S ETERNAL REDEMPTIVE PLAN 95:7c-11 It is interesting how the OT characterizes the wilderness wandering period differently. positively Deut. 32:10-14 Jeremiah 2 Hosea 2:15; 9:10; 11:1-2 negatively Num. 14:1-17 Ps. 95:8-11 Ezekiel 23 This is the dilemma of all of our lives. None of us are perfect. There are good days and bad days, areas of strength and weakness. Thank God for His unchanging, merciful character the New Covenant (i.e., Jer. 31:31-34) His Messiah (i.e., NT revelation of the gospel) 95:7 God as Shepherd and His people as sheep is common OT imagery (see notes at Psalm 23). The intimacy between Shepherd and sheep is strong and constant. It is ridiculous and dangerous for sheep not to listen to their shepherd! The Fall has affected us all! they did not listen (Ps. 95:7c, quoted in Heb. 3:7-11,15; 4:7) they hardened their hearts Meribah (BDB 937 II, "place of strife") ‒ Exod. 17:7; Num. 20:13; Deut. 33:8 Massah (BDB 650 III, "testing") ‒ Exod. 17:7; Deut. 6:16 they tested God ‒ Num. 14:22 Several of the English translations start a new paragraph at Ps. 95:7c because at this point in the Psalm, YHWH is speaking (i.e., Ps. 95:7c-11). ▣ "if you would. . ." This denotes a conditional covenant. Verse 8 continues this thought. Disobedience has terible consequences (cf. Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 27-30).
Salmos 95:8-11
95:9 The fact that Israel had experienced the miracles of the exodus and the protection and provisions of the wilderness made their unbelief and lack of trust all the more serious. 95:10 "forty years" See SPECIAL TOPIC: SYMBOLIC NUMBERS IN SCRIPTURE, #7. Forty is often a round number. The Exodus was 38 years. ▣ "heart" See SPECIAL TOPIC: HEART ▣ "they do not know My ways" Notice the focus is not on doctrine (i.e., information), but lifestyle faithfulness based on performance to the Mosaic code (i.e., "the two ways"). SPECIAL TOPIC: THE PATH, THE WAY 95:11 "I swore in My anger" Humans are forced to use vocabulary of this world to describe God, His thoughts, feelings, and actions but they are only imagery. SPECIAL TOPIC: GOD DESCRIBED AS HUMAN) These images are true but not exhaustive. They do truthfully assert the reality of the consequences of unbelief and rebellion, both in time and beyond! This generation of Israelites, including Aaron and Moses, did not enter Canaan (cf. Hebrews 3-4; Deut. 3:20; 12:9; 25:19). This psalmist is imploring worship, trust, and obedience to YHWH. He is worthy of praise and faith! Hebrews 3-4 uses this text to assert three senses of "rest." peace with God the Promised Land heaven SPECIAL TOPIC: WORSHIP SPECIAL TOPIC: BELIEVE, TRUST, FAITH AND FAITHFULNESS IN THE OT SPECIAL TOPIC: KEEP